02 June 2025

Catching up with old friends
and meeting new friends as
Pusey House celebrates its
140th anniversary in Oxford

Evensong in Pusey House, Oxford, was an appropriate way to pray and reflect after a day in hospital (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2025)

Patrick Comerford

After my day of tests and consultations at the John Radcliffe Hospital at the end of last week, I took a walk by the river at the Head of the River and Folly Bridge, with a little time to clear my head.

But I was in need of time too for prayer and reflection at the end of the day, before the long journey back to Stony Stratford. The choices were varied, and included Choral Evensong in Christ Church Cathedral or the Chapel of Queen’s College. Eventually, I decided to go to Sung Evening Prayer followed by Benediction in the Chapel of Pusey House on Saint Giles.

There was a warm welcome from the Principal and staff and many of the people working and living at Pusey House, and it was good to catch up with the Revd Dr Matthew Cheung-Salisbury, who had been the Priest-in-Charge at Saint Mary and Saint Giles, Stony Stratford, until Easter. I had missed his farewell to Stony Stratford because I was spending Easter in Rethymnon in Crete.

The Principal of Pusey House, the Revd Dr George Westhaver, joined Pusey House in 2013. He is a former chaplain at Lincoln College, and completed his PhD at the University of Durham under the supervision of Professor Andrew Louth, on Pusey’s unpublished lectures, ‘Types and Prophecies of the Old Testament’.

I also met up with Father Benjamin Drury, who has been the senior chaplain in Athens since last year. It was interesting to find out that his first curacy was spent in Stony Stratford, and that he lived during that time in Bunsty Court in Galley Hill. He grew up in Richmond, Yorkshire, spent most summers in Greece in his godparents’ village, and has an MPhil in Byzantine Studies.

Throughout the academic year 2024-2025, Pusey House is marking its 140th anniversary with special services and events (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2025)

Throughout the academic year 2024-2025, Pusey House is hosting a number of special services and events to mark its 140th anniversary. Pusey House was opened on 9 October 1884 as a memorial to Edward Bouverie Pusey, Regius Professor of Hebrew, Canon of Christ Church, and for 40 years one of the leading figures in the Oxford Movement.

Pusey House is marking this 140th anniversary with an interesting programme of special services, lectures, conferences, study days and other events.

According to its founding documents, Pusey House exists to promote theological study and holiness of life, and to provide spiritual counsel and comfort to members of the university. In their work to renew Catholic life and witness in the Church of England, Pusey and his colleagues also sought to understand and respond to needs of society in their day.

One of the basic principles of the Oxford Movement was that the life of the mind and the life of prayer belong together, and that holiness of life overflows in ministries of love and service. Pusey House today continues to seek to embody these founding principles.

Ninian Comper’s golden ciborium in Pusey House is regarded as a perfect example of his later style (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2025)

I was in London the day before those day-long tests in Oxford. But I noticed the programme for Ascension Day (Thursday 29 May) included High Mass at which the preacher was the Revd Paul White of Saint Andrew’s, Linton Road; Sung Mass at which the preacher was the Principal of Pusey House, the Revd Dr George Westhaver, and a lecture by Harry Spain on ‘Ninian Comper at Pusey House’.

Canon Frederic Hood (1895-1975), the then Principal of Pusey House, commissioned his friend Sir Ninian Comper (1864-1960) to reorder the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament at Pusey House in 1935. The resulting scheme, complete with its golden ciborium – which illustrated my prayer diary on this blog this morning (2 June 2025) – is regarded as a perfect example of Comper’s later style: ‘unity by inclusion’.

The architectural historian Harry Spain is a former sacristan of Pusey House. He looked at theory and significance of Comper’s work in Pusey House, traced his sources of inspiration from fourth century Algeria to Botticelli, and explored Comper’s connections to Oxford and the work of Pusey House.

The preacher at High Mass yesterday (Sunday 1 June) was the Revd Prof Joshua Horden, Professor of Christian Ethics in the Faculty of Theology and Religion at the University of Oxford. Next Friday (6 June) the Preacher at Choral Evensong at 5:30 is is Professor Charles Foster, Visiting Professor at HeLEX: Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies.

Pusey House is hosting the conference, ‘Restoring the Image: Creation, Salvation, and the Human Person’ on 7-9 July 2025 (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2025)

The annual Friends’ Festival takes place in Pusey House on Sunday 15 June 2025, Trinity Sunday. The day includes High Mass at 11 am with a sermon by the Principal. Then, at 12:15 pm, to mark the House’s 140th Anniversary, the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, Professor Irene Tracey, will address the congregation. A buffet luncheon will follow. Later this month, the Pusey 140 Concert on Sunday 21 June (4 pm) is being performed by the Choir of Pusey House.

Then, next month (7-9 July 2025), Pusey House is hosting the fourth in a series of theological conferences, ‘Restoring the Image: Creation, Salvation, and the Human Person’. The conference is looking at Christian theological anthropology and the doctrine of humankind’s creation and restoration in the image and likeness of God.

The Church confesses that human beings are made in both the image and likeness of God. The restoration and perfection of this image in the human person and in the whole body of Christ, knit together in one, is fundamental to God’s purposes for humankind and the whole cosmos.

The conference will consider how the creation and salvation of the human being is revealed and taught in both the Old and New Testaments, and its reception by the Fathers of the Church. The discussion will look at how theologians through the ages related the divine image and likeness to the developing dogmas of the Triune deity and of Christ as the Incarnate Word.

The speakers have been invited to draw on both the riches of the catholic tradition and contemporary philosophical theology. All this will enable the conference to consider current debates about the human person and community, and the great questions of mediaeval Catholic, Reformation and modern theology will be posed:

• How is the image damaged by sin?
• How are humans restored by faith and participation in God’s sacramental economy to grow in the likeness of God?
• How does grace use human nature, and how is human nature perfected by grace?
• How is the human person conformed to Christ, and brought to participate in the divine nature?

The organisers hope that the conference will serve not only the furnishing of our minds, but also the transforming of our lives and communities by the indwelling work of the Holy Spirit, that we may all grow together in the image and likeness of God.

The conference in Pusey House next month has the theme ‘Restoring the Image: Creation, Salvation, and the Human Person’ (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2025)

The conference follows previous Pusey House theological conferences on the Holy Trinity (the Transforming Vision, 2016), the Person of Christ (Totus Christus, 2018), and the Holy Spirit (Descent of the Dove, 2022).

The conference speakers include:

• Gary A Anderson, Hesburgh Professor of Catholic Thought, University of Notre Dame
• John Behr, Regius Chair in Humanity, University of Aberdeen
• Joanna Collicutt, Karl Jaspers Lecturer in Psychology and Spirituality, Ripon College, Cuddesdon, Supernumerary Fellow Harris Manchester College, Oxford, and Oxford Diocesan Advisor for Spiritual Care for Older People
• David Curry, Rector of Christ Church, Windsor, Nova Scotia
• Andrew Davison, Regius Professor of Divinity, University of Oxford
• Paul Dominiak, Senior Tutor and Director of Studies in Bachelor of Theology for Ministry Exams, Jesus College, University of Cambridge
• Mark Edwards, Professor of Early Christian Studies and Tutor in Theology, Christ Church, University of Oxford
• Jennifer Frey, Dean of the Honors College and Professor of Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Religion, University of Tulsa
• Malcolm Guite, Life Fellow, Girton College, University of Cambridge
• Joshua Hordern, Professor of Christian Ethics, University of Oxford
• Chris Kugler, Assistant Professor of Theology, Houston Christian University
• Andrew Louth, Emeritus Professor of Patristic and Byzantine Studies, Department of Theology and Religion, University of Durham, and Rector Emeritus of the Orthodox Parish of Saint Cuthbert and Saint Bede, Durham
• Pia Matthews, Senior Lecturer, Saint Mary’s University, Twickenham, and Lecturer, Allen Hall Seminary, Chelsea
• Grant MacAskill, Kirby Laing Chair of New Testament Exegesis, University of Aberdeen
• Aidan Nichols, Lector, Study House of the English Dominican Province
• Simon Oliver, Van Mildert Professor of Divinity, University of Durham
• Michele Schumacher, Privatdocent, University of Fribourg
• Alexis Torrance, Archbishop Demetrios Associate Professor of Byzantine Theology, University of Notre Dame
Thomas Joseph White, Rector Magnificus, Pontifical University of St Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum), Rome
• Judith Wolfe, Professor of Philosophical Theology, University of St Andrews.

Meanwhile, the Library at Pusey House remains one of the hidden gems of Oxford. The Library began with Pusey’s personal collection of rare books. The library now holds over 75,000 volumes. Its main specialism is the history of the Oxford Movement, but it also has extensive holdings in patristics, liturgy, doctrinal theology and broader church history.

The Library at Pusey House remains one of the hidden gems of Oxford (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Daily prayer in Easter 2025:
44, Monday 2 June 2025

‘But take courage; I have conquered the world!’ (John 16: 13) … the Risen Christ above Sir Ninian Comper’s baldacchino in the Chapel in Pusey House, Oxford (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2025)

Patrick Comerford

Easter is a 50-day season, beginning on Easter Day (20 April 2025) and continuing through Ascension Day until the Day of Pentecost or Whit Sunday next Sunday (8 June 2025). Yesterday is the Seventh Sunday of Easter (Easter VII).

Before today begins, I am taking some quiet time this morning to give thanks, to reflect, to pray and to read in these ways:

1, reading today’s Gospel reading;

2, a short reflection;

3, a prayer from the USPG prayer diary;

4, the Collects and Post-Communion prayer of the day.

‘But take courage; I have conquered the world!’ (John 16: 33) … Charles Stanley Peach (1858-1934), Christ superimposed on the plan of a Church, 1910. Pencil and watercolour with gold paint on paper, 1300 × 750 mm

John 16: 29-33 (NRSVA):

29 His disciples said, ‘Yes, now you are speaking plainly, not in any figure of speech! 30 Now we know that you know all things, and do not need to have anyone question you; by this we believe that you came from God.’ 31 Jesus answered them, ‘Do you now believe? 32 The hour is coming, indeed it has come, when you will be scattered, each one to his home, and you will leave me alone. Yet I am not alone because the Father is with me. 33 I have said this to you, so that in me you may have peace. In the world you face persecution. But take courage; I have conquered the world!’

‘But take courage; I have conquered the world!’ (John 16: 33) … the Crucifixion and the Ressurection depicted in windows in Saint Mary’s Cathedral, Limerick (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Today’s Reflection:

As I was saying in my reflections yesterday, we are, in some ways, caught in the church calendar in an in-between time, between Ascension Day, last Thursday [29 May 2025], and the Day of Pentecost next Sunday [8 June 2025].

In the Gospel reading at the Eucharist today (John 16: 29-33), we continue reading from the ‘Farewell Discourse’ when Jesus talks with the Disciples at the Last Supper about their future and the future of the Church after he leaves them.

The disciples now claim to understand exactly what Jesus is talking about, although it seems they really do not. It is not until later that they grasp the meaning of his words fully.

In the coming days, they will be scattered in all directions and leave Jesus alone as he faces death. In the years ahead, they will be scattered abroad, and they too will face persecution and death. But they are to take courage, for Christ has conquered the world and overcome evil in the world. The disciples and we can share in his peace and in his victory: ‘I have said this to you, so that in me you may have peace. In the world you face persecution. But take courage; I have conquered the world!’ (verse 33).

The term ‘Christus Victor’ has become an influential phrase through Christus Victor by the Swedish bishop and theologian Gustaf Aulén (1879-1977), first published in Swedish as Den kristna försoningstanken (The Christian Idea of the Atonement) in 1930, and in English as Christus Victor in 1931.

Aulén reinterpreted the classic ransom theory of atonement, which says that Christ’s death is a ransom to the powers of evil that had held humankind in captivity. It is an understanding of the atonement until the time of Anselm of Canterbury. What became the satisfaction theory of atonement or penal substitutionary atonement sees Christ’s suffering as paying the penalty for human sin, and continues to dominate western theological thinking, particularly among ‘conservative’ evangelicals.

The concept of Christus Victor (‘Christ the Victor’) as a description of Christ’s triumph over evil and death through his death and resurrection, emphasises God’s victory over the forces of sin and darkness and highlights Christ’s role as the cosmic liberator, rescuing humanity from the bondage of evil and restoring a relationship with God.

The Christus Victor view has its roots in early Patristic teachings, and the Eastern Orthodox Church still holds to the view of the atonement put forward by Irenaeus and that is called ‘recapitulation’, in which Jesus became what we are so that we could become what he is.

For Irenaeus, the ultimate goal of Christ’s work of solidarity with humanity is to make humankind divine. Of Jesus he says, he ‘became what we are, that he might bring us to be even what he is himself.’ These ideas were shared by many other Church Fathers, including Sainr Athanasius, Saint Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint Augustine and Saint Maximus the Confessor. They have been most influential within the Eastern Orthodox Church, and this Eastern Orthodox theological development out of the recapitulation view of the atonement is called theosis (‘deification’).

Aulén argues that theologians have incorrectly concluded that the early Church Fathers held a ransom theory of atonement. Aulén argues that the Church Fathers’ theory was not that the crucifixion is the payment of a ransom to the devil, but rather that it represents the liberation of humanity from the bondage of sin, death and the devil. As the term Christus Victor (Christ the Victor) indicates, the idea of ‘ransom’ should not be seen as some sort of business transaction, but more in the terms of a rescue or liberation of humanity from the slavery of sin.

He sees the concept of Christus Victor as uniting Christ and his Father at the Crucifixion in a subversive condemnation of the unjust powers of darkness, a drama and a passion story in which God conquers the Powers and liberates humanity from the bondage of sin: ‘The work of Christ is first and foremost a victory over the powers which hold mankind in bondage: sin, death, and the devil.’

The Christus Victor theory is becoming increasingly popular with both paleo-orthodox evangelicals because of its connection to the early Church Fathers, and with liberal Christians and peace churches because of its subversive nature, seeing the death of Jesus as an exposure of the cruelty and evil present in the worldly powers, and the resurrection as a triumph over these powers.

The Christus Victor theory has also influenced liberation theology in Latin South America, as well as feminist and black theologies of liberation.

‘I have said this to you, so that in me you may have peace. In the world you face persecution. But take courage; I have conquered the world!’ (John 16: 33).

Christ is risen!
The Lord is risen indeed. Alleluia!

‘But take courage; I have conquered the world!’ (John 16: 33) … a window in the funeral chapel in Saint Joseph’s Church, Singapore (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2024)

Today’s Prayers (Monday 2 June 2025):

The new edition of Pray with the World Church, the prayer diary of the Anglican mission agency USPG (United Society Partners in the Gospel), covers the period from 1 July to 20 November 2025. The theme in the prayer diary this week (1-7 June) is ‘Volunteers’ Week’ and was introduced yesterday by Carol Miller, Church Engagement Manager, USPG.

The USPG prayer diary invites us to prayer today (Monday 2 June 2025):

Gracious God, thank you for calling us in your mercy to be your saints. Set us apart for a life filled with your Spirit, that we may be a blessing to others.

The Collect:

O God the King of glory,
you have exalted your only Son Jesus Christ
with great triumph to your kingdom in heaven:
we beseech you, leave us not comfortless,
but send your Holy Spirit to strengthen us
and exalt us to the place where our Saviour Christ is gone before,
who is alive and reigns with you,
in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and for ever.

Post Communion Prayer:

Eternal God, giver of love and power,
your Son Jesus Christ has sent us into all the world
to preach the gospel of his kingdom:
confirm us in this mission,
and help us to live the good news we proclaim;
through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Additional Collect:

Risen, ascended Lord,
as we rejoice at your triumph,
fill your Church on earth with power and compassion,
that all who are estranged by sin
may find forgiveness and know your peace,
to the glory of God the Father.

Yesterday’s Reflections

Continued Tomorrow

‘But take courage; I have conquered the world!’ (John 16: 33) … a window in Saint Peter and Saint Church, Watford, Northamptonshire (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2023)

Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicised Edition copyright © 1989, 1995 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. http://nrsvbibles.org