Who fears to speak of ’98? Thoughts on Bagenal Harvey on Wexford Bridge and quays

Wexford Bridge seen from Wexford’s quays (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

Patrick Comerford

‘Who fears to speak of ’Ninety-Eight?’

The opening words of a poem by Professor John Kells Ingram were quoted regularly throughout the 1798 bicentenary commemorations throughout 1998. They came to mind last week during the second stage of my summer ‘Road Trip,’ as I strolled along Wexford Quay and onto Wexford Bridge.

Like many other aspects of the 1798 Rising, this poem has many connections with the Church of Ireland: the actual title of the poem, written in 1843, is ‘The Memory of the Dead,’ and its author, the economist and poet John Kells Ingram (1823-1907), was born in a Church of Ireland rectory in Co Donegal, the son of the Revd William Ingram.

In James Joyce’s Ulysses, Leopold Bloom alludes mentally to Ingram’s ‘Who Fears to Speak?’ in the ‘Wandering Rocks’ episode: ‘Fine poem that is: Ingram. They were gentlemen. Ben Dollard does sing that ballad touchingly. Masterly rendition.’

Throughout the bicentenary commemorations, which seemed to stretch across a two- or three-year period from 1996 to 1998 or 1999, I spoke throughout Co Wexford on the involvement of members of the Church of Ireland in the events in 1798.

Thanks to the efforts of Comoradh ’98 that year, there was a much more accurate, balanced and nuanced understanding than in previous commemorations of the events, the personalities, the lead-up to and the aftermath of the 1798 Rebellion.

Street art in a laneway behind Anne Street and North Main Street in Wexford (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

I spoke in churches, schools and hotels, at seminars and meetings, workshops and summer schools, wrote features in The Irish Times, papers in history journals, and chapters for books, was interviewed for television and radio documentaries, unveiled plaques in churchyards and spoke one evening at a commemorative service on Wexford Bridge.

The participants in that service in memory of all who died on Wexford Bridge during the summer of 1798 included Bishop John Neill, then Bishop of Cashel and Ferns, the late Canon Norman Ruddock, then Rector of Wexford, and Father Walter Forde, then Parish Priest of Castlebridge.

In a kind letter later that week to The Irish Times, Walter Forde spoke of my ‘superb address at the Wexford Bridge service.’

On that evening, I drew attention to the fact that there were no memorials in Wexford to the key Church of Ireland personalities from the 1798 period. I suggested that the recently reconstructed Wexford Bridge should be renamed in honour of the commander of the Wexford army and president of the Wexford Town Committee, Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey, a member of the Church of Ireland.

In supporting that call, Father Forde suggested that Harvey should be linked with the name of the far-seeing and humane Roman Catholic from Castlebridge, General Edward Roche, and, he asked, ‘Why not the Harvey/Roche Bridge?’

Almost a quarter of a century after those bicentenary commemorations, it was interesting to take a fresh look last week at the plaques and memorials on Wexford Bridge.

One of these plaques recalls that the first bridge crossing the River Slaney on this site was a timber bridge constructed by Lemuel Cox of Boston in 1795, three years before the Rising. The bridge, which saw a frightful procession of executions in 1798, was repaired and strengthened in 1825 after storm damage.

That bridge was replaced in 1856 by a new bridge about 1 km upstream and built by Pierce Brothers of Wexford. But Wexford Bridge returned to the site associated with the1798 Rising in 1959, when a new pre-stressed concrete bridge was built by Ascon Ltd. That bridge was replaced in a 1997 with a steel structure that took just 10 weeks to complete. Ascon were the main contractors, and the consulting engineers were John B Barry and Partners. The bridge was opened on 22 November 1997.

One of the plaques recalling the executions and deaths on Wexford Bridge (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

A plaque was erected on the bridge by the 1798 commemoration committee, naming Father Philip Roche, John Kelly, John Colclough, Edmond Kyan, Patrick Prendergast, Bagnal (sic) Harvey, Matthew Keough, John Hay, Cornelius Grogan, ‘and other patriots who were executed on the site of this bridge, June-July 1798 as a result of their struggle for Irish freedom.’

Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey was tried, convicted and hanged on Wexford Bridge on 28 June 1798. His body was afterwards beheaded, the trunk thrown into the River Slaney and the head displayed on a spike on the courthouse. His corpse was recovered by his friends and he was buried in Mayglass.

Another plaque on the bridge reflects the balance and nuance that marked the commemorations I was part of in 1998. It recalls:

‘During and after the insurrection of 1798, Wexford Bridge was the site of many executions. Some ninety loyalist prisoners were put to death, amongst whom were Edward Turner, Magistrate; David Dalton, Thomas Canford, Samuel Atkin, Francis Plumer, William Baubier, Benjamin Sunderland, George Sparrow, John Smyth and Kenneth Mathewson. Among the sixty-five United Irishmen executed were the leaders Beauchamp Bagnal (sic) Harvey, Dr John Colclough, John Kelly, Cornelius Crogan, Patrick Prendergast, Fr Philip Roche, John Herron, Edward Fryane, Esmond Kyan, and Matthew Keugh.’

I noticed, sadly, however, that Bagenal Harvey’s name is misspelled not just once but twice on the bridge that I still think should be named after him.

‘Fuascailt’ … a sculpture by Eamonn O’Doherty of Wexford pikemen on the N25 near Barntown and Taghmon (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

Today, no matter what their political views are and despite the opening words of Ingram’s poem, no-one in Wexford is afraid ‘to speak of ’98.’ New monuments are still standing in every corner of the county from Bunclody and Gorey to Enniscorthy and Wexford, to Old Ross and New Ross.

As we continued our summer ‘Road Trip’ on the N25 from Ferrycarrig towards New Ross, near Barntown and Taghmon, ‘Fuascailt’ is a striking sculpture by Eamonn O’Doherty (1939-2011) by the roadside depicting a group of Wexford Pikemen from 1798. His other works include the Quincentennial Sculpture on Eyre Square in Galway; Anna Livia or the ‘Floozie in the Jacuzzi,’ moved from O’Connell Street to the Croppies’ Acre in Dublin in 2011; and the James Connolly Memorial near Liberty Hall, Dublin.

Even the description on the plinth below O’Doherty’s Pikemen recalls all who died there in battle on 30 May 1798.

On that day, the United Irishmen intercepted the reinforcements for the Wexford garrison near this place. The reinforcements were overwhelmed, and their defeat resulted in the evacuation of Wexford by government forces. The rebels were led by Thomas Cloney, colonel of Bantry battalion of United Irishmen.

But the plaque also remembers that nearby, in the Church Meadow, lie 80 men of the Royal Artillery and the Meath Militia who were killed in that battle.

No matter what one’s political views or sympathies are, there is no reason to fear to speak about 1798 in Co Wexford. And, for what it’s worth, I still think – fearlessly – that Wexford Bridge should be named after Bagenal Harvey.

The ten-week bridge … is it time Wexford Bridge was named after Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey? (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

The names and stories behind some colourful narrow lanes in Wexford

Archer’s Lane once emerged on High Street opposite the house where I lived in the 1970s (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

Patrick Comerford

One of the joys in life that never loses its appeal for me is strolling through the narrow streets and lanes of Wexford. They are particularly charming on a bright summer’s day and there is always something new to discover – or even to be startled by.

I was back in Wexford at the end of last week as this year’s late summer ‘Road Trip’ continued into September. Each morning, I enjoyed waking up in the Ferrycarrig Hotel to the sun rising above the estuary of the River Slaney at Ferrycarrig, where the mouth of the river looks as beautiful as a lake in northern Italy or Switzerland.

Some of those lanes have disappeared over time, others seem to survive against all odds, and even those that are long gone live on in the memories and writings of Wexford’s prolific local historians.

Archer’s Lane ran from steps built over by the Mechanic’s Institute and later the shopfront of the ‘Wexford People’ (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

When I was working in the Wexford People on North Main Street and living on High Street in the early and mid-1970s, I was told how Archer’s Lane once ran from North Main Street, opposite Anne Street, through one of the arches of the building originally built for the Mechanics’ Institute in 1849, through what was the ‘People Office’ and the caseroom and printing works, and emerged out onto High Street, opposite the house where I lived.

The only sign of Archer’s Lane today is the arches that shape two shop fronts on North Main Street and the bay on High Street once used by the delivery vans of the People but now part of the entrance to the National Opera House.

You have to stoop your head to enter the east end of Keyser’s Lane (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

Keyser’s Lane is, perhaps, the most exotic of laneways off South Main Street, and it is a lane of two parts.

The east side of Keyser’s Lane starts at steps leading down under a small archway on South Main Street and continues on to the car park on Crescent Quay. Dating back to Norse times, this lane once marked the boundaries of the mediaeval town parishes of Saint Patrick’s and Saint Iberius’s.

Keyser’s Lane is so old that writers were speculating about its origins as far back as the 16th century. Before you stoop down to enter Keyser’s Lane, a plaque above the archway, at eye-level, reads:

‘The name Keyser’s Lane appears in the Norse towns of Wexford, Waterford and Dublin. In 1575 Holinshed’s Dublin Chronicles is found speculating as to its long forgotten origin. These Keyser streets ran steeply down to the Norse waterfront. The name, in saga Norse, appears to mean ‘the street of the ship wharfs’.’

The west end of Keyser’s Lane leads up to High Street (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

Like so many streets and lanes in Wexford, Keyser’s Lane has more than on name: the east end of it is also known as Slegg’s Lane and some local people also know it Cromwell’s Lane, probably because Cromwell is believed to have stayed nearby in Kenny’s Hall, once Woolworth’s and now Penney’s.

The west side of Keyser’s Lane is on the opposite side of South Main Street, and leads up, once again, to High Street. In Irish it is named as Cúlán Chaosair, which makes it sound more like Caesar’s Lane or narrow-way.

Harpur’s Lane? Harper’s Lane? Hay’s Lane … or simply Cinema Lane? (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

Harpur’s Lane is also known as Cinema Lane, and was also known in the past as Hay’s Lane. The plaque above the Costa coffee shop, however, names it in English as Harper’s Lane and in Irish name as Cúlán Chláirseóra, in other words the ‘Harpist’s Lane.’

But Harpur’s Lane is named not after someone named Harper or, for that matter, after a harpist. It probably takes its name from the Harpur family, whose members included Alderman Thomas Harpur (1846-1826), Mayor of Wexford in 1886-1887 and a corn merchant with premises on South Main Street.

The more popular name of Cinema Lane comes from the Palace Cinema, a 600-seat cinema that opened there in 1914 and was the first proper cinema in Wexford Town.

Cinema Lane rook its name from the Palace Cinema … and was the location of an unsolved murder in 1958 (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)

When I wrote six weeks ago (29 July 2020) about the murder in the Cape Bar or Con Macken’s of Mary Anne Wildes by Simon Bloom in 1910, many comments confused that murder with a murder almost half a century later in Cinema Lane.

William Hannan (65) was found unconscious and badly beaten in his shop, ‘The Dainty,’ on Cinema Lane on 8 March 1958. The late-night attacker or attackers may have had fled across rooftops of Cinema Lane and made good their escape along Henrietta Street. Their victim died of his wounds the next morning.

The garda investigation turned up no credible leads, and no-one was ever charged afterwards. The murder of William Hannan remains unsolved to this day. Although it is still talked about in Wexford, justice has never been seen to be done.

Henrietta Street runs parallel to Cinema Lane and runs down to the Crescent (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2020)