Showing posts with label Easter 2010. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Easter 2010. Show all posts

07 April 2010

The Easter celebrations continue

Then they told ... how he had been made known to them in the breaking of the bread

Patrick Comerford

Our Easter celebrations continued this evening with the mid-week Community Eucharist in the Chapel of the Church of Ireland Theological Institute.

This was our last Sung Eucharist before the end-of-year exams later this month. I was the celebrant, and the visiting preacher was the Revd Dr Drew Gibson of Union Theological College, Belfast, who has been here for the day as an external examiner with the Year III B.Th. students.

During the afternoon we also had a seminar with the Year I M.Th. students on the Transfiguration, at which the speakers included Clare Amos, who is Director of Theological Education at TEAC (Theological Education for the Anglican Communion), the Working Party established by the Anglican Primates in 2003.

Clare Amos has studied both at the University of Cambridge and the Ecole Biblique et Archeologique Francaise in Jerusalem. A specialist in Biblical studies, she has lived and worked in Jerusalem, Lebanon and England.

The lectionary readings for Holy Communion on the Wednesday in Easter Week are: Acts 3: 1-10; Psalm 105: 1-9; Luke 24: 13-35.

As well as hearing the story of the disciples meeting Christ on the road to Emmaus, we sang as our processional hymn a version of one of my favourite Easter hymns, Hail thee, Festival Day!, by Vaughan Williams:

Hail thee, Festival Day!
Blest day that art hallowed for ever;
Day wherein Christ arose,
breaking the Kingdom of death.


Ill it beseemeth that thou,
by whose hand all things are encompassed,
captive and bound should remain,
deep in the gloom of the rock. Refrain

Rise now, O Lord from the grave,
and cast off the shroud that enwrapped thee;
Leaving the caverns of death,
show us the light of thy face. Refrain

God of all pity and power,
let thy word be assured to the doubting;
Lo, he breaks forth from the tomb!
See, he appears on his own! Refrain

Jesus, thou Health of the world,
enlighten our minds, O Redeemer,
Son of the Father supreme,
only-begotten of God. Refrain

I had selected this hymn as one of my three pieces of music for the meditations in Whitechurch Parish, Rathfarnham, last Saturday, Easter Eve, and it was the Processional Hymn at the Festal Choral Evensong in Christ Church Cathedral on Easter Day. What a pity that it is not included in the Irish Church Hymnal.

The Resurrection, by the 15th-century artist Piero della Francesca, is in the civic museum, formerly the town hall, in the Tuscan market-town of Borgo San Sepolcro

Our Gradual this afternoon was Jesus Christ is risen today (ICH, 271), based on the old Latin Easter carol, Surrexit Christus hodie, which dates back to the 14th century.

Our offertory hymn, The strife is o’er, the battle done, (ICH, 286) and our Post-Communion hymn was Thine be the glory, risen, conquering Son (ICH 288).

Collect:

Almighty God,
through your only-begotten Son Jesus Christ
you have overcome death
and opened to us the gate of everlasting life:
Grant that, as by your grace going before us
you put into our minds good desires,
so by your continual help we may bring them to good effect;
through Jesus Christ our risen Lord,
who is alive and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and for ever. Amen.

Post Communion Prayer:

Living God,
for our redemption you gave your only-begotten Son
to the death of the cross,
and by his glorious resurrection
you have delivered us from the power of our enemy.
Grant us so to die daily unto sin,
that we may evermore live with him in the joy of his risen life;
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

Canon Patrick Comerford is Director of Spiritual Formation, the Church of Ireland Theological Institute, and a canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.

05 April 2010

Walking on the beach helps me to cope with my sarcoidosis

Donabate was a perfect choice for a Lenten retreat (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Patrick Comerford

Easter brings hope of new life, and Spring brings the promise of fresh growth and renewal. The past winter – indeed the autumn past and the summer before it – have been so dull and damp, that the bright sunshine that was ushered in at the beginning of March came as a welcome beginning to Spring, with the promise not only of a bright Easter but a sunny summer too.

But through the rain and despite the dark clouds of winter past and the autumn of last year, I have been reinvigorated regularly and touched that promise of new life with regular walks on the beach. I have found time almost every weekend over the past nine months to walk on one of the beautiful sandy beaches along our East Coast, from the mouth of the Boyne to the coasts of Co Wexford.

For some years I have been troubled by the symptoms of sarcoidosis, although a confirmed diagnosis was only finally provided as late as last summer. The symptoms include growths (granola) on my lungs, swelling in my neck, an irritating dry cough, sleeping difficulties, constant joint pains – especially in my knees and in my feet – that slow me down unexpectedly, small growths or marks that flare up on my legs or have left scar tissue on my nose, and bouts of fatigue that leave me tired and without full energy.

Missing my walks

A blue sky and as early moon over the South Strand in Skerries (Photograph: Patrick Comerford

When the symptoms first started to appear, I simply thought that age was beginning to creep up on me. I never expected to play rugby or cricket again. But – as someone who never learned to drive – I began to miss out on those regular walks that had kept my fit and healthy.

Eventually, after many tests, consultations and hospital visits, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was confirmed. That was the bad news. The good news came in two parts: lung cancer had been ruled out, and I could expect remission to kick in soon.

Normally, people with sarcoidosis in Ireland tend to suffer from a milder form than, for example, people in the United States. But that offers little comfort at present. And matters have been complicated by a severe deficiency in Vitamin B12 as a direct consequence of 40 years of vegetarianism, leaving me with a constant tingling or sensation of “pins and needles” in my feet and at the end of my fingers.

Skerries Harbour (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Over the past few months, my blog postings on “Living with Sarcoidosis” and on my regular beach walks have connected me with people throughout the world living with this condition. Their stories and their difficulties have acted as a corrective to any temptation my part to indulge in self-pity. Indeed, over the past few weeks my consultant has told that my condition has stabilised, and I can hope that remission may begin to kick in before the year is out.

Skerries Beach in mid-winter (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

I have been sustained throughout all this by my faith, by the love I receive, by the comfort of friends, by good medical attention from GP, consultants and in hospitals, and by a very interesting, satisfying and fulfilling life in writing, teaching and ministry.

Putting bleak winter behind us

The setting sun casts a golden light across the beach at Skerries (Photograph: Patrick Comerford

The summer, autumn and winter in Ireland have been bleak. Yet, throughout those wet and overcast weekends, I have continued to walk those beaches, from Co Louth through Co Meath, Dublin and Wicklow, to Co Wexford, knowing that these walks by the sea and on the sand are boosting my feelings of well-being and giving opportunities to reconnect with nature, to reach some of the depths of my own spirituality and to give thanks to God for the light and hope I have in my life every day.


A small trawler beached on the sands in Loughshinny (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

On what was the sunniest weekend in Ireland since Whit Weekend last year, I headed out to Fingal and the beaches of north-east county Dublin. At Loughshinny, a small trawler was beached on the sand and a handful of people were walking on the beach. But no-one was walking out as far as the pier, with its majestic views across to the islands at Skerries to the north-east and across to Lambay Island to the south-east.

From Loughshinny, I moved on to Skerries. As the road approaches Holmpatrick, there are eye-catching views across to the islands, and on Sunday afternoons a late lunch in Olive in Strand Street is a real pleasure. This must be one of the best cafés – not just in Fingal or Dublin but in Ireland, and they really do know how to make espresso there.

Strolling up past the North Strand on Sunday afternoons, bikers regularly overflow onto the footpath and the road outside Joe May’s. The beach at the North Strand is small, but when the tide is out it is worth stepping down for a short stroll and to enjoy the tranquil views of Skerries Harbour.

Up on Red Island, there are views as far as the Mourne Mountains on a sunny day. The sun brings out families and children in great numbers – oh, how we appreciate sunshine when we are blessed with it in Ireland! Back down on the lengthy beach at the South Strand, the sand that was packed and deep-coloured throughout winter months turns to golden colours in the sunshine.

Looking back across Skerries from Red Island and from the South Strand, the windmills, the spire of Holmpatrick Church and the tower behind the church are almost ever-present as graceful features on the skyline. The ruined early-18th century tower is a reminder of a more ancient past and the Celtic and mediaeval monastic sites associated with Skerries.

Finding a lost beach

Rocky outcrops on the North Beach in Rush (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Further south, I recently returned Rush, which has two sandy beaches – the North Beach and South Beach – separated by Rush Harbour, a small tidal harbour and the rocky head of the peninsula. Nearby is the picture-postcard Church of Ireland parish church in Kenure, built in 1866 by Sir William Palmer of Kenure House.

The first few attempts to find the South Beach in Rush each ended in a cul-de-sac. But I was rewarded one sunny Sunday afternoon as I rediscovered a beach I had last enjoyed in my early teens 45 years ago – when I was a 13-year-old.

The sun was shining brightly. There was Lambay Island, looking ever so like a Greek island basking in a blue Aegean sea under the sunshine. To the south, there was a clear vista across to Portrane, so that I could clearly pick out the towers of the hospital, the round tower and – at the end of the peninsula – the Lynders house at the Quay, the home from which my grandmother was married over a hundred years ago.

Looking across the estuary at Rogerstown towards Donabate and Portrane (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

On colder afternoons in Rush, I have sat looking out on Rogerstown Estuary. The mouth of the estuary is so narrow that local people claim it is possible to walk across from Rush to Donabate, at a gradual walking pace – if there is no water. But there is – for the estuary is made up of saltwater marshes, raised salt marsh, wet meadows and riverine shallows and creeks. The estuary is internationally recognised as one of the most important sites on our east coast and is vital for wintering wildfowl, waders and birds on passage, with birds coming to this estuary from the Arctic.

10, Lambay Island seen from the beach at The Burrow in Portrane (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Across the estuary, Portrane has been a perennial favourite with me. From the beach at The Burrow, it is worth taking a look at Portrane Castle and its ivy-covered ruins and its associations with Dean Jonathan Swift’s “Stella,” Esther Johnson, and the ruins of Saint Catherine’s Church, surrounded by an embattled wall.

Ash Wednesday retreat

I enjoy this area so much that Donabate seemed a natural choice at the beginning of Lent as the venue for the Ash Wednesday retreat for the staff and students of the Church of Ireland Theological Institute. When we arrived, the early morning sky was clear and the rising sun was already glistering across the Irish Sea, with a few ships on the horizon.

With those blue skies and blue waters that morning, it was like being on an Aegean island in the sun. The views to the south extended beyond Dublin Bay as far the Sugarloaf in the Wicklow Mountains. A little closer, Howth Head was craggy and clear, while a little to the north Lambay Island was crisp, like a cut-out stage prop.

The towers at Portrane Hospital from the beach at Balcarrick (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

There were generous opportunities for walks on the beaches in Corballis and Balcarrick. During the time for silence and contemplation, I walked from the Martello Tower at Balcarrick along the sand dunes as far as the hospital grounds in Portrane and the Round Tower erected in 1843 by Charles Stewart Parnell’s great-aunt, Sophia, in memory of her husband, George Hampden Evans of Portrane House.

As I continued on along the cliff path, some of the cliffs beneath me were high and steep. In Donabate and Portrane, the local people tell stories of smugglers and shipwrecks around these cliffs. But looking out from the black stone cliffs onto the blue, sparkling, sun-kissed sea, I could have dreamt I was in Santorini.

The colourful names local people give to the places here include the Chink Well, which is supposed to mark the site of Saint Kenny’s, a Celtic stone church; the Priest’s Chamber, said to have been a hiding place in Penal times; as well as the Bleeding Pig, the Camel’s Hump, the Pig’s Back, the Piper’s Hole and the Mermaid’s Churn.

I walked on along the coastline until the Martello Tower at Tower Bay and the neighbouring coast guard station at Portrane came into view. Tower 7 in Portrane is now a private house, but Tower 6 in Balcarrick is bricked up and in a sad state of disrepair. That afternoon, the sun was not so strong, but it was still bright as I walked the beach at Corballis, south of the Martello Tower at Balcarrick.

Tests and consultations

Gentle rolling waves beneath Bray Head in Co Wicklow (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Over the past two years, I have had batteries of tests in hospitals that have left me feeling tired, if not exhausted – lung tests in the pulmonary laboratory, three or four X-Rays on my lungs and on my knees, blood tests, consultations with specialists, consultants, nurses and dieticians, and a few overnight stays so that tissue samples could be taken from my lungs. At times, I don’t know whether the waiting or the tests are more demanding.

The recent news that my sarcoidosis has probably stabilised is good news indeed, offering hope at Easter. Those beach walks, which I hope to continue this Spring and Summer, play an important psychological role in reminding me that sarcoidosis can never deprive me of the pleasures of life. I may have sarcoidosis, but sarcoidosis will never have me.

The sandy stretches of Morriscastle in Co Wexford (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Canon Patrick Comerford is Director of Spiritual Formation, the Church of Ireland Theological Institute, and a canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. This essay was first published in the April editions of the Church Review (Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough) and the Church Review (Diocese of Cashel and Ossory)

04 April 2010

Easter Day: Χριστός ἀνέστη! Christ is Risen!

Χριστός ἀνέστη! Ἀληθῶς ἀνέστη!

Patrick Comerford

The Feast of the Resurrection is the Church’s greatest feast and Easter (Πάσχα, Pascha, from Aramaic paskha and Hebrew Pesach) is the most important festival in the Church’s calendar, celebrating Christ’s resurrection from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion.

In most European languages the feast called Easter in English is known by the words for Passover in those languages and in the older English versions of the Bible the term Easter was the term used to translate Passover.

The Easter Season begins today and traditionally lasts for the forty days until Ascension Day, although it now lasts for the 50 days until Pentecost. The first week of the Easter Season is known as Easter Week.

The Sung Eucharist for Easter Day in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, this morning is at 11 a.m., with Archbishop John Neill, and the setting is Zoltán Kodály’s Missa Brevis.

For many Anglicans, the musical tradition of Easter is linked intimately with that majestic tune by the English composer Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958), Hail thee, festival day. It was one of the three pieces of music I selected for use in my reflection at the grave in Whitechurch Parish Church yesterday for Easter Eve, using a version sung by the Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge. However, it is not included in the Irish Church Hymnal.

The tune Vaughan Williams used for this work was one he called Salve Festa Dies, roughly a translation of this hymn’s title into Latin. The “Day” in question is Easter Day, and the hymn’s original Latin text, by Venantius Honorius Fortunatus (ca 530-609), was translated by Maurice Frederick Bell.

He composed Salve Festa Dies in 1906 and it was first published in the English Hymnal, which he edited with Percy Dearmer. The hymn begins with the refrain’s famous words:

Salve, festa dies, toto venerabilis aevo,
Qua Deus infernum vicit et astra tenet.

Refrain: Hail thee, festival day!
Blest day that art hallowed forever;
day wherein Christ arose,
breaking the kingdom of death.

Lo, the fair beauty of earth,
from the death of the winter arising,
every good gift of the year
now with its Master returns.

Refrain

He who was nailed to the Cross
is God and the Ruler of all things;
all things created on earth
worship the Maker of all.

Refrain

God of all pity and power,
let thy word be assured to the doubted;
light on the third day returns:
rise, Son of God, from the tomb!

Refrain

Ill doth it seem that thy limbs
should linger in lowly dishonour;
ransom and price of the world,
veiled from the vision of men.

Refrain

Loosen, O Lord, the enchained,
the spirits imprisoned in darkness;
rescue, recall into life those
who are rushing to death.

Refrain

Ill it beseemeth that thou,
by whose hand all things are encompassed,
captive and bound shouldst remain,
deep in the gloom of the rock.

Refrain

Rise now, O Lord, from the grave
and cast off the shroud that enwrapped thee;
thou art sufficient for us;
nothing without thee exists.

Refrain

Mourning they laid thee to rest,
who art Author of life and creation;
treading the pathway of death,
life thou bestowedst on man.

Refrain

Show us thy face once more,
that the ages may joy in thy brightness;
give us the light of day,
darkened on earth at thy death.

Refrain

Out of the prison of death
thou art rescuing numberless captives;
freely they tread in the way
whither their Maker has gone.

Refrain

Jesus has harrowed hell;
he had led captivity captive;
darkness and chaos and death
flee from the face of the light.

Refrain.


The Resurrection, Duccio di Buoninsegna

Vaughan Williams’s music brings a regal manner to its religiosity, bearing a resemblance to much English church music from the 19th century, but also revealing the composer’s vigour in its march-like gait. The main theme is glorious and celebratory without ever veering into a secular sound or mood. This is happy worshipful music then, from the pen of one of the greatest composers ever to have written sacred and church music, principally for use in the Anglican tradition.

Hail thee, festival day is vigorous and jubilant with a rhythmic energy that characterises Vaughan Williams’s hymn tunes. Its broad dimensions and use of triplets may appear formidable, but it is a glorious tune that can be sung in unison by congregations that have good choral and organ leadership. The majesty and strength of this hymn make it appropriate for celebrating the Resurrection.

The Resurrection, a fresco ca 1460 by Pierro della Francesca, in the Museo Civico of Sansepolcro in Tuscany

Vaughan Williams also composed Five Mystical Songs drawing on The Temple (1633) by George Herbert, including Easter [Easter section A]:

Rise heart; thy Lord is risen. Sing his praise
Without delays,
Who takes thee by the hand, that thou likewise
With him may’st rise;
That, as his death calcined thee to dust,
His life may make thee gold, and much more, Just.

Awake, my lute, and struggle for thy part
With all thy art.
The cross taught all wood to resound his name
Who bore the same.
His stretched sinews taught all strings, what key
Is best to celebrate this most high day.

Consort both heart and lute, and twist a song
Pleasant and long:
Or since all music is but three parts vied,
And multiplied;
O let thy blessed Spirit bear a part,
And make up our defects with his sweet art.


A second of these five songs, I got me flowers [Easter Section B], was also inspired by George Herbert’s The Temple:

I got me flowers to straw thy way;
I got me boughs off many a tree:
But thou wast up by break of day,
And brought’st thy sweets along with thee.

The Sunne arising in the East,
Though he give light, & th’ East perfume;
If they should offer to contest
With thy arising, they presume.

Can there be any day but this,
Though many sunnes to shine endeavour?
We count three hundred, but we misse:
There is but one, and that one ever.


Pascha in the Orthodox Church

The Resurrection, the Harrowing of Hell ... this is the expected and holy day, the Feast of Feasts, the Celebration of Celebrations

Pascha is the fundamental and most important festival of the Orthodox Church:

This is the expected and holy day,
the one among the Sabbaths,
the Sovereign and Lady of days,
The Feast of Feasts, the Celebration of Celebrations,
today we praise Christ for all eternity!


Every other religious festival in the Orthodox calendar, not excepting Christmas, is secondary in importance to the celebration of the Resurrection of Christ.

Throughout the Orthodox world, the customary Paschal Greeting for this season is: Χριστός ἀνέστη! (Christ is Risen!), to which the response is: Ἀληθῶς ἀνέστη! (He is truly Risen, indeed!).

Pascha (Easter) is the primary act that fulfils the purpose of Christ’s ministry on earth. This is succinctly summarised in the Paschal troparion, sung repeatedly during Pascha until the Apodosis (‘Leave-Taking) of Pascha, the day before Ascension Day:

Χριστὸς ἀνέστη ἐκ νεκρῶν,
θανάτῳ θάνατον πατήσας,
καὶ τοῖς ἐν τοῖς μνήμασι
ζωὴν χαρισάμενος.

Christ is risen from the dead,
Trampling down death by death,
And upon those in the tombs
Bestowing life!


On this morning, Easter Day, there is no Divine Liturgy in Orthodox churches as the Liturgy for today was celebrated at midnight.

Instead, in the afternoon, it is often traditional to serve Agape Vespers. In this joyful service, the Great Prokeimenon is chanted, and it is customary for the priest and people to read John 20: 19-25 as the Gospel reading – in some places extended to include verses 26-31 – in as many languages as possible, to show the universality of the Resurrection. This Gospel reading is accompanied by the joyful ringing of bells.

For the remainder of the week, known as Bright Week, all fasting is prohibited – even on Wednesday and Friday.

The services during Bright Week are similar to those of Pascha itself, except they do not take place at midnight, but are served at their normal times during the day.

The liturgical season from Pascha to the Sunday of All Saints, the Sunday after Pentecost, is known as the Pentecostarion, or the “Fifty Days.” The week that begins on Easter Day is called Bright Week, during which there is no fasting, even on Wednesday and Friday. The After-Feast of Pascha lasts 39 days, with its Apodosis (leave-taking) on the day before Ascension. The Day of Pentecost is the fiftieth day after Pascha.

Although the Pentecostarion ends on the Sunday of All Saints, the influence of Pascha continues throughout the year that follows, determining the daily Epistle and Gospel readings at the Divine Liturgy, the Tone of the Week, and the Matins Gospels, all the way through to the next year’s Lazarus Saturday.

Collect of the Day:

Almighty God,
through your only-begotten Son Jesus Christ
you have overcome death
and opened to us the gate of everlasting life:
Grant that, as by your grace going before us
you put into our minds good desires,
so by your continual help we may bring them to good effect;
through Jesus Christ our risen Lord
who is alive and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and for ever. Amen
.

Post-Communion Prayer:

Living God,
for our redemption you gave your only-begotten Son
to the death of the cross,
and by his glorious resurrection
you have delivered us from the power of our enemy.
Grant us so to die daily unto sin,
that we may evermore live with him in the joy of his risen life;
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen
.

Χριστός ἀνέστη!
Ἀληθῶς ἀνέστη!

Christ is Risen!
He is truly Risen, indeed!


Canon Patrick Comerford is Director of Spiritual Formation, the Church of Ireland Theological Institute, and a canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.

02 April 2010

Bringing hope to Easter

Carrying the Cross ... a scene from the Passion Play in Ballylinan in Co Laois, photographed by Alan Benson in today’s edition of The Irish Times

The Irish Times, in today’s edition [2 April 2010], publishes this editorial comment:

Bringing hope
to Easter


Since the publication of Pope Benedict’s pastoral letter to Irish Catholics, most commentators and critics have focused on his reaction to the present abuse scandal that is tearing apart the Catholic Church in Ireland, and on the many bewildering silences in his letter. His letter failed to meet the expectation of the victims of abuse – and of many faithful Catholics – but it also contained timely reminders of the significance and relevance of the Gospel message that is at the heart of this season of Lent, Holy Week and Easter.

In that part [of his letter] addressed to “the victims of abuse and their families,” Pope Benedict reminds them that “Christ’s own wounds, transformed by his redemptive sufferings, are the very means by which the power of his self-sacrificing – even in the darkest and most hopeless situations to bring liberation and the promise of a new beginning.” He tells those “priests and religious who have abused children” that “Christ’s redeeming sacrifice has the power to forgive even the gravest of sins.” And he tells “the children and young people of Ireland” that Christ loves them and “has offered himself on the cross for you.”

These are age-old beliefs that are at the heart of Christianity and it was seasonally appropriate that they should be re-told and reiterated only days ahead of the great Paschal solemnities. But it is also at the heart of the message of Good Friday and Easter that all Christians are crucified with Christ and that all who believe can find hope in the Resurrection. At the heart of Christian faith is the belief that the church is the Body of Christ, as Saint Paul says throughout his Epistles. Indeed, he is so explicit about this, that in some versions of the New Testament he says “we are members of his body, of his flesh and of his bones” (Ephesians 5: 30).

Baptism is incorporation into the Body of Christ, and the Eucharist is not only a memorial of Christ’s death but a real sacrament or sign of the Body of Christ. These apostolic and sacramental teachings are reminders that when members of the Church are injured – when innocent members of the Church are abused – Christ himself is wounded and assaulted once again, as truly as he was crucified on Good Friday. It is for these very reasons that the present crisis for the Catholic Church is truly what the word crisis means – it brings the church to the very cross of decision-making. The Body of Christ has been tortured, abused and forced to face the crucifixion of Good Friday constantly and perpetually across the world.

But Good Friday is meaningless for Christians without faith and joy in the Resurrection. That resurrection hope is for new life, new joy and renewed justice. Pope Benedict – however inadequately – has responded to the sufferings of the Body of Christ. But he and the bishops of the church need also to bring Easter hope to many. And that can only be brought through decisive, firm and resolute action. Otherwise, the stone remains rolled across the tomb, and, like the women who came to the grave on the first Easter morning, many will weep and wonder what they have done with the body of Christ.