‘And the Spirit immediately drove him out into the wilderness’ (Mark 1: 12) (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Patrick Comerford
Sunday 18 February 2018,
The First Sunday in Lent,
Saint Mary’s Cathedral, Limerick
11.15 a.m., Choral Eucharist
Readings: Genesis 9: 8-17; Psalm 25: 1-9; I Peter 3: 18-22; Mark 1: 9-15.
May I speak to you in the name of God, + Father, Son and Holy Spirit, Amen.
Oscar Wilde once said, ‘I can resist everything except temptation.’
Or rather, he put these words in the mouth of Lord Darlington in Lady Windermere’s Fan (Act I, 1892). And, if you are familiar with the play, Lord Darlington then not only shows how not to resist temptation, but also leads the once-puritanical Lady Windermere into temptation too.
A well-known canon of Saint Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin – I better clarify quickly that this is not the present Dean of this Cathedral – a well-known canon of Saint Patrick’s was asked one year what he was giving up for Lent.
‘I am giving up the slice of lemon in my gin and tonic,’ he replied.
However, to dispel any misapprehensions, he added hastily: ‘But I shall remain bitter and twisted.’
Temptation is so difficult to resist.
How many of us started Lent with good intentions last Wednesday, on Ash Wednesday?
How many of us, by the weekend, have already found an excuse to allow that resolve to weaken, had that drink, stepped out for that smoke, had an extra chocolate or dipped into biscuits?
How many of us found a good excuse in not wanting to look too pious or sanctimonious this Lent, or in the words of Canon Bradley, to appear ‘bitter and twisted’?
I was hoping to get a little more daily exercise in Lent, to get out for a few extra kilometres each day, which is good for my body, but also good for my mind and my soul.
But I realise the temptation of the easy excuse, particularly with the persistent daily rain that I realise since I arrived here a year ago is part of the microclimate of West Limerick.
But I give in to myself too easily. It is not as though the rain is going to last for the 40 days and 40 nights of Lent, is it?
It’s not as if each day is going to bring the 40 days of flooding that Noah experienced (see Genesis 7: 17), or that the waters are going to remain on the footpaths and potholes for the 40 days that Noah waited before opening the windows of the ark (see Genesis 8: 6).
But the repetition of 40 days throughout the story of the Flood is significant. I can think too of the 40 years the freed slaves spent wandering in the wilderness, the 40 days of testing Moses endured when the covenant was renewed after the incident involving the golden calf (Exodus 34: 28), the 40 days Elijah spent on Mount Sinai (see I Kings 19: 8), and the 40 days Christ spent in the wilderness.
Each period of 40 days (or 40 years) is followed by new promise, now hope, new relationship, loving relationship, what we call covenantal relationship, with God.
‘Noah and the Dove’ by Simon Manby (2006) … a sculpture in the gardens of Saint John’s Hospital, Lichfield (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
After the 40 days of waiting for the floods to recede, Noah sees a rainbow in the sky, a sign of the covenant (Genesis 9: 9) God makes with Noah, his sons, and with ‘every living creature’ (verse 10). The agreement is between God and all humanity (verses 11, 15, 16), with all creatures and with ‘the earth’ (verse 13) itself, and it is an ‘everlasting covenant’ (verse 16).
After 40 days, the children in the wilderness enter a new covenant with God.
After 40 days in wilderness, where – unlike Lady Windermere’s suitor Lord Darlington – he resists temptation, Christ returns to Galilee, proclaiming the good news of God, and saying, ‘The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has come near; repent, and believe in the good news’ (see Mark 1: 14-15).
That link between 40 days of waiting and preparing, hoping and anticipating, explains how the Early Church developed the season of Lent as the season of preparation for Baptism for new Christians.
In our Epistle reading, Saint Peter tells us Baptism puts us in a condition to be found worthy by God (see I Peter 3: 21).
Lent is not so much a time of fretting about temptation or dispelling any misapprehensions about looking too pious or sanctimonious, as a time of preparing to renew our Baptismal covenant, to renew our love affair with God.
Is your Lent going to be an opportunity to be part of the new creation in Christ?
Is your Lent going to be a time to take account of your own hidden temptations?
Is your Lent going to be a time to explore your own wilderness places and to be aware of them?
Is your Lent going to be a time of preparation for the acceptance of the Kingdom of God?
Perhaps the best-known line in Lady Windermere’s Fan is words spoken by Lord Darlington that sum up the central theme of the play: ‘We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.’
They are words by Oscar Wilde that describe how Victorians saw an unbridgeable chasm between good and bad, between love and hopelessness, between real love and base desire, between the eternal and the frailty of real life.
But these are false contrasts. Instead I prefer how Martin Luther King once said: ‘Only in the darkness can you see the stars.’
Spiritually, we are not in the gutter looking up at the stars. Our Baptism means we do not remain in the wilderness or in the darkness. Lent, as it returns year by year, offers us a perennial opportunity to renew our covenantal relationship with God, the promises of our Baptism, to accept the love of God that Christ offers us.
How?
There is a posting that is popular in social media for the past week that asks: ‘Do You Want to Fast This Lent?’
And it then offers these bite-size Lenten resolutions, said to be ‘in the words of Pope Francis’:
Fast from hurting words ... and say kind words.
Fast from sadness ... and be filled with gratitude.
Fast from anger ... and be filled with patience.
Fast from pessimism ... and be filled with hope.
Fast from worries ... and have trust in God.
Fast from complaints ... and contemplate simplicity.
Fast from pressures ... and be prayerful.
Fast from bitterness ... and fill your hearts with joy.
Fast from selfishness ... and be compassionate to others.
Fast from grudges ...and be reconciled.
Fast from words ... and be silent so you can listen.
And so, may all we think, say and do be to the praise, honour and glory of God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Amen.
(Revd Canon Professor) Patrick Comerford is Precentor of Saint Mary’s Cathedral, Limerick, and Priest-in-Charge of the Rathkeale and Kilnaughtin Group of Parishes. This sermon was prepared for the First Sunday in Lent, 18 February 2018.
He was in the wilderness for forty days (Mark 1: 13) (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Penitential Kyries:
In the wilderness we find your grace:
you love us with an everlasting love.
Lord, have mercy.
Lord, have mercy.
There is none but you to uphold our cause;
our sin cries out and our guilt is great.
Christ, have mercy.
Christ, have mercy.
Heal us, O Lord, and we shall be healed;
Restore us and we shall know your joy.
Lord, have mercy.
Lord, have mercy.
Collect:
Almighty God,
whose Son Jesus Christ fasted forty days in the wilderness,
and was tempted as we are, yet without sin:
Give us grace to discipline ourselves
in obedience to your Spirit;
and, as you know our weakness,
so may we know your power to save;
through Jesus Christ our Lord.
The Lenten Collect:
Almighty and everlasting God,
you hate nothing that you have made
and forgive the sins of all those who are penitent:
Create and make in us new and contrite hearts
that we, worthily lamenting our sins
and acknowledging our wretchedness,
may receive from you, the God of all mercy,
perfect remission and forgiveness;
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
Introduction to the Peace:
Being justified by faith,
we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ. (Romans 5: 1, 2)
Preface:
Through Jesus Christ our Lord,
who was in every way tempted as we are yet did not sin;
by whose grace we are able to overcome all our temptations:
Post Communion Prayer:
Lord God,
you renew us with the living bread from heaven.
Nourish our faith,
increase our hope,
strengthen our love,
and enable us to live by every word
that proceeds from out of your mouth;
through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Blessing:
Christ give you grace to grow in holiness,
to deny yourselves,
and to take up your cross and follow him:
The fifth century mosaic of the Baptism of Christ in the Neonian Baptistry in Ravenna (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2017)
Hymns:
207, Forty days and forty nights
204, When Jesus came to Jordan
553, Jesu, lover of my soul
652, Lead us, heavenly Father, lead us
An icon of the Baptism of Christ, worked on a cut of olive wood by Eleftheria Syrianoglou, in an exhibition in the Fortezza in Rethymnon, Crete (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
18 February 2018
Following the Stations
of the Cross in Lent 5:
Longford 3: Jesus
falls for the first time
Station 3 in Saint Mel’s Cathedral, Longford … Jesus falls for the first time (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Patrick Comerford
This is the First Sunday in Lent, and later this morning [18 February 2018] I am presiding at the Cathedral Eucharist and preaching in Saint Mary’s Cathedral, Limerick, in my role as Precentor of the Cathedral. Meanwhile, the Dean of Limerick, the Very Revd Niall Sloane, is visiting Saint Mary’s Church, Askeaton, Co Limerick, and Saint Brendan’s Church, Kilnaughtin (Tarbert), Co Kerry.
Each morning in Lent, as part of my meditations and reflections for Lent this year, I am being guided by the Stations of the Cross from three locations.
The idea for this series of morning Lenten meditations came from reading about Peter Walker’s new exhibition, ‘Imagining the Crucifixion,’ inspired by the Stations of the Cross, which opened in Lichfield Cathedral on Ash Wednesday and continues throughout Lent.
Throughout Lent, my meditations each morning are inspired by three sets of Stations of the Cross that I have found either inspiring or unusual. They are the stations in Saint Mel’s Cathedral, Longford, at Saint John’s Well on a mountainside near Millstreet, Co Cork, and in the Chapel of Saint John’s Hospital, Lichfield.
In my meditations, I am drawing on a portion of the Stabat Mater, the 12th century hymn of the Crucifixion (‘At the cross her station keeping’) attributed to the Franciscan poet Jacopone da Todi. Some prayers are traditional, some are from the Book of Common Prayer, and other meditations and prayers are by Canon Frank Logue and the Revd Victoria Logue of the Episcopal Diocese of Georgia.
For two weeks, I am looking at the 14 Stations of the Cross in Saint Mel’s Cathedral, Longford, sculpted by Ken Thompson in Bath stone with chisel and mallet, with lettering inspired by the work of Eric Gill and haloes picked out in gold leaf.
He uses blue to give a background dimension that works almost like a shadow in itself, impelling the foreground figures into greater relief. The 24-carat gold leaf haloes establish not only the central image of Christ but also those of his mother or disciples.
Rather than using the traditional title for each station, the text at the foot of each panel is allusive. He has chosen two lines of scripture for each panel, cut them in lettering inspired by Eric Gill, and highlighted them in terracotta.
Station 3: Jesus falls for the first time
In this station, Christ has fallen beneath the weight of his Cross. This is one of the traditional Stations of the Cross that depict Passion scenes that are not recalled in any of the Gospel accounts.
As Christ stumbles on his hands and feet on the Via Dolorosa, a uniformed soldier looks on, holding a spear in one hand, while a man without a uniform grips an arm of the cross as he raises a whip in his other arm to beat Christ on the ground below him.
In the background a child raises his hands to his face in horror.
The inscription in terracotta capital letters below the panel quotes indirectly from Isaiah 53: 3 and reads: ‘He was Despised A Man of Sorrows’.
From Stabat Mater:
Lord Jesus, crucified, have mercy on us!
O, how sad and sore distressed
Was that Mother highly blessed
Of the sole-begotten One!
Meditation:
Stumble. Waver. Collapse.
Jesus’ sweat mingles with dust as he falls to the earth.
The weight of the sins of the world on his shoulders.
Barely able to stand.
He cannot carry the cross without falling.
Prayers:
Lion of Judah, you know our weaknesses, our temptations and our failings. Support us by the power of the Holy Spirit that we do not stumble so as to fall away from you. This we pray in the name of Jesus, our crucified Lord, the King of Glory, the King of Peace. Amen.
We adore you, O Christ, and we praise you.
Because by your holy cross You have redeemed the world.
Jesus, the cross you have been carrying is very heavy.
You are becoming weak and almost ready to faint, and you fall down.
Nobody seems to want to help you.
The soldiers are interested in getting home,
so they yell at you and try to get you up and moving again.
The Collect of the Day (the First Sunday in Lent):
Almighty God,
whose Son Jesus Christ fasted forty days in the wilderness,
and was tempted as we are, yet without sin:
Give us grace to discipline ourselves
in obedience to your Spirit;
and, as you know our weakness,
so may we know your power to save;
through Jesus Christ our Lord.
The Lenten Collect:
Almighty and everlasting God,
you hate nothing that you have made
and forgive the sins of all those who are penitent:
Create and make in us new and contrite hearts
that we, worthily lamenting our sins
and acknowledging our wretchedness,
may receive from you, the God of all mercy,
perfect remission and forgiveness;
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
A prayer before walking to the next station:
Holy God,
Holy and mighty Holy immortal one,
Have mercy on us.
Tomorrow: Station 4: Jesus meets his mother Mary.
Yesterday’s reflection
Patrick Comerford
This is the First Sunday in Lent, and later this morning [18 February 2018] I am presiding at the Cathedral Eucharist and preaching in Saint Mary’s Cathedral, Limerick, in my role as Precentor of the Cathedral. Meanwhile, the Dean of Limerick, the Very Revd Niall Sloane, is visiting Saint Mary’s Church, Askeaton, Co Limerick, and Saint Brendan’s Church, Kilnaughtin (Tarbert), Co Kerry.
Each morning in Lent, as part of my meditations and reflections for Lent this year, I am being guided by the Stations of the Cross from three locations.
The idea for this series of morning Lenten meditations came from reading about Peter Walker’s new exhibition, ‘Imagining the Crucifixion,’ inspired by the Stations of the Cross, which opened in Lichfield Cathedral on Ash Wednesday and continues throughout Lent.
Throughout Lent, my meditations each morning are inspired by three sets of Stations of the Cross that I have found either inspiring or unusual. They are the stations in Saint Mel’s Cathedral, Longford, at Saint John’s Well on a mountainside near Millstreet, Co Cork, and in the Chapel of Saint John’s Hospital, Lichfield.
In my meditations, I am drawing on a portion of the Stabat Mater, the 12th century hymn of the Crucifixion (‘At the cross her station keeping’) attributed to the Franciscan poet Jacopone da Todi. Some prayers are traditional, some are from the Book of Common Prayer, and other meditations and prayers are by Canon Frank Logue and the Revd Victoria Logue of the Episcopal Diocese of Georgia.
For two weeks, I am looking at the 14 Stations of the Cross in Saint Mel’s Cathedral, Longford, sculpted by Ken Thompson in Bath stone with chisel and mallet, with lettering inspired by the work of Eric Gill and haloes picked out in gold leaf.
He uses blue to give a background dimension that works almost like a shadow in itself, impelling the foreground figures into greater relief. The 24-carat gold leaf haloes establish not only the central image of Christ but also those of his mother or disciples.
Rather than using the traditional title for each station, the text at the foot of each panel is allusive. He has chosen two lines of scripture for each panel, cut them in lettering inspired by Eric Gill, and highlighted them in terracotta.
Station 3: Jesus falls for the first time
In this station, Christ has fallen beneath the weight of his Cross. This is one of the traditional Stations of the Cross that depict Passion scenes that are not recalled in any of the Gospel accounts.
As Christ stumbles on his hands and feet on the Via Dolorosa, a uniformed soldier looks on, holding a spear in one hand, while a man without a uniform grips an arm of the cross as he raises a whip in his other arm to beat Christ on the ground below him.
In the background a child raises his hands to his face in horror.
The inscription in terracotta capital letters below the panel quotes indirectly from Isaiah 53: 3 and reads: ‘He was Despised A Man of Sorrows’.
From Stabat Mater:
Lord Jesus, crucified, have mercy on us!
O, how sad and sore distressed
Was that Mother highly blessed
Of the sole-begotten One!
Meditation:
Stumble. Waver. Collapse.
Jesus’ sweat mingles with dust as he falls to the earth.
The weight of the sins of the world on his shoulders.
Barely able to stand.
He cannot carry the cross without falling.
Prayers:
Lion of Judah, you know our weaknesses, our temptations and our failings. Support us by the power of the Holy Spirit that we do not stumble so as to fall away from you. This we pray in the name of Jesus, our crucified Lord, the King of Glory, the King of Peace. Amen.
We adore you, O Christ, and we praise you.
Because by your holy cross You have redeemed the world.
Jesus, the cross you have been carrying is very heavy.
You are becoming weak and almost ready to faint, and you fall down.
Nobody seems to want to help you.
The soldiers are interested in getting home,
so they yell at you and try to get you up and moving again.
The Collect of the Day (the First Sunday in Lent):
Almighty God,
whose Son Jesus Christ fasted forty days in the wilderness,
and was tempted as we are, yet without sin:
Give us grace to discipline ourselves
in obedience to your Spirit;
and, as you know our weakness,
so may we know your power to save;
through Jesus Christ our Lord.
The Lenten Collect:
Almighty and everlasting God,
you hate nothing that you have made
and forgive the sins of all those who are penitent:
Create and make in us new and contrite hearts
that we, worthily lamenting our sins
and acknowledging our wretchedness,
may receive from you, the God of all mercy,
perfect remission and forgiveness;
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
A prayer before walking to the next station:
Holy God,
Holy and mighty Holy immortal one,
Have mercy on us.
Tomorrow: Station 4: Jesus meets his mother Mary.
Yesterday’s reflection
Looking for a hidden church
above a baker’s shop
in 19th century Lichfield
The former Co-op and Burtons on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street … the site of the first Roman Catholic chapel in Lichfield (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2018)
Patrick Comerford
The building on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street occupies a highly visible location, and for many generations of people living in Lichfield it has been known as the Co-op until the 1980s, and then as Burtons up to five years ago.
Today, this prominent retail site is home to WhiteStuff and Thomas Cook the travel agency is on part of the premises at No 43 Bore Street.
It is more than a matter of curiosity that this group of retail premises, opposite the Guildhall, is known as ‘The Cloisters,’ for not only is it beneath tower of Saint Mary’s Church, but this was once the site of the earliest Roman Catholic Church in Lichfield, albeit for a brief few years over 200 years ago, at the beginning of the 19th century.
Lichfield had a strong Roman Catholic presence that dates back to the days of the theological debates, controversies and conflicts at the Reformation.
The large number of clergy at Lichfield Cathedral clergy who were deprived along with the Bishop of Lichfield, Ralph Baynes, in 1559 or soon afterwards included the Precentor of Lichfield, Canon Henry Comberford, as well as the Dean, John Ramridge, and the Chancellor, Alban Longdale, and the Treasurer, George Lee, was forced to resign in 1560.
There is evidence of a continuing Catholic presence almost a generation later in 1582. The Roman Catholic martyrs in the Elizabethan era included Saint Edmund Gennings (1567-1591), who was born in Lichfield in 1567. He was ordained in Rheims in 1590 and returned to Lichfield. He was captured in London and executed on 10 December 1591. He was canonised as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales in 1970, and is named on one of the plaques on the side of Saint Mary’s remembering the Martyrs of Lichfield.
The plaque on the north side of Saint Mary’s commemorating Edmund Gennings (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Later, a Puritan survey in 1604 found ‘many popish’ in Lichfield. This Roman Catholic presence continued in the Lichfield area in the 18th century. A census of recusants in Staffordshire in 1706 returned 1,200 people, including Mrs Comberford of Comberford, her three grandchildren and her three servants [Greenslade, p p 181].
Greenslade suggests the private chapel in Comberford Hall probably continued into the early decades of that century, and Pipe Hall, once the home of Heveningham family who had intermarried with the Comberford family, was a Roman Catholic centre with a chapel.
But the chapel at Pipe Hall closed when Thomas Weld, a descendant of the Heveningham family, sold the house in 1800. Weld gave the vestments and other items belonging to the chapel and £200 to Thomas Clifford of Tixall. Clifford raised a further £400 and bought a house on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street, then occupied by a Roman Catholic baker.
This corner house provided lodgings for a priest, and a chapel was formed by throwing two rooms together. Father John Kirk (1760-1851), who had been the priest at Pipe Hall from 1788 to 1792, and in 1801 he was appointed to Lichfield by Bishop Gregory Stapleton, the newly-appointed Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District.
Father Kirk was the last student received by the Jesuits into the English College in Rome before Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Society of Jesus in 1773. When he was appointed to Lichfield in 1801, he had a stipend of £60 a year. At the beginning of the Lichfield mission, there were 60 adult communicants, and later, by 1810, there were 75, including Catholics from the Tamworth area and French émigrés and prisoners of war.
Meanwhile, however, Father Kirk found the house on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street was inconvenient and ‘meanly situated.’ He complained that the sanctuary of his chapel was directly over the baker’s oven, and that the heat was almost unbearable. In 1802, he bought land in Upper Saint John Street and there he built a chapel and house that were completed in 1803.
The chapel was first dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul. The name was changed to Holy Cross Church when the church was enlarged in 1834, including the addition of a turret and an entrance porch designed by the Lichfield architect Joseph Potter.
A painting of the Crucifixion by the 17th century Flemish artist Nicolaes de Bruyn, brought from Pipe Hall, had served as an altarpiece, and was also moved from the Bore Street chapel to the new chapel on Upper Saint John Street.
When Father Kirk died on 21 December 1851, aged 91, he was buried in the chapel he had built. He was succeeded by Father Joseph Parkes, his assistant for 10 years.
Meanwhile, what happened to the baker’s shop on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street, and the chapel above it?
In his book, The Old Pubs of Lichfield, John Shaw says the Dolphin is first listed on these premises 200 years ago, in 1818. However, Kate Gomez on her local history blog, Lichfield Lore, has pointed out that the original building on this corner site was timber framed, dating back to the 16th century, and she wonders whether parts of the original building survived in the changes over the centuries.
In 1818, the Dolphin was run by Henry Genders, who later ran athe Board, a pub on Birmingham Road. Standing opposite, on the other corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street, was the Goat’s Head, which survived until 1970.
By 1896, the place was known as the Dolphin Hotel. The last known licensee was Percy Woodfield, who later moved to the Lemon Tree at 125 Beacon Street, which closed in 1915.
The Dolphin Inn was demolished in 1912 and replaced by the current building in 1913. It was built by local builders JR Deacon as the Walsall and District Co-operative Society Ltd Branch No 13.
Kate Gomez notes that when the new Co-op opened, the builder, Councillor Deacon, handed the chairman of the Co-op with a walking stick made from one of the wooden beams of the old Dolphin Inn. She suggests the possibility that the previous building not fully demolished, and may just have been significantly altered and incorporated into the present building.
In my imagination, I wonder whether it was similar in building style to the 16th century timber framed building next door to Thomas Cook’s that is now Caffe Nero.
In her blog Lichfield Lore, Kate Gomez reported five years ago [11 May 2013] that Frank Clarke, a regular contributor to the Facebook group ‘You’re probably from Lichfield, Staffs if …,’ had uncovered a dolphin mosaic under rotting floorboards while carrying out work there in the 1970s.
More recently, Burtons, who had opened a branch on Market Street since the 1930s, Burtons moved to this prominent corner site the late 1980s. But Burtons shut up shop in March 2013, and the premises were left empty for some time.
For a short time, it was the premises of Snap, but more recently WhiteStuff has moved in here, occupying a highly visible retail location in the heart of the cathedral city. Thomas Cook, the travel agents, also have part of the Bore Street frontage.
Looking up one sunny morning last month, I wondered whether part of Father Kirk’s former chapel had survived on the first floor through all the rebuildings and renovations over the past 200 years.
Inside Holy Cross Church on Upper Saint John Street … it replaced the upstairs chapel on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Further Reading:
‘Lichfield: Roman Catholicism and Protestant nonconformity,’ in A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14, Lichfield, ed MW Greenslade (London, 1990), pp 155-159. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol14/pp155-159 [accessed 17 February 2018].
‘Burntwood: Manors, local government and public services,’ in A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14, Lichfield, ed MW Greenslade (London, 1990), pp 205-220. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol14/pp205-220 [accessed 17 February 2018].
MR Greenslade, Catholic Staffordshire 1500-1850 (Leominster: Gracewing, 2006).
Kate Gomez, ‘Co-operation,’ Lichfield Lore, 11 May 2013.
John Shaw, The Old Pubs of Lichfield (Lichfield: George Lane Publishing, 2007 ed).
Patrick Comerford
The building on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street occupies a highly visible location, and for many generations of people living in Lichfield it has been known as the Co-op until the 1980s, and then as Burtons up to five years ago.
Today, this prominent retail site is home to WhiteStuff and Thomas Cook the travel agency is on part of the premises at No 43 Bore Street.
It is more than a matter of curiosity that this group of retail premises, opposite the Guildhall, is known as ‘The Cloisters,’ for not only is it beneath tower of Saint Mary’s Church, but this was once the site of the earliest Roman Catholic Church in Lichfield, albeit for a brief few years over 200 years ago, at the beginning of the 19th century.
Lichfield had a strong Roman Catholic presence that dates back to the days of the theological debates, controversies and conflicts at the Reformation.
The large number of clergy at Lichfield Cathedral clergy who were deprived along with the Bishop of Lichfield, Ralph Baynes, in 1559 or soon afterwards included the Precentor of Lichfield, Canon Henry Comberford, as well as the Dean, John Ramridge, and the Chancellor, Alban Longdale, and the Treasurer, George Lee, was forced to resign in 1560.
There is evidence of a continuing Catholic presence almost a generation later in 1582. The Roman Catholic martyrs in the Elizabethan era included Saint Edmund Gennings (1567-1591), who was born in Lichfield in 1567. He was ordained in Rheims in 1590 and returned to Lichfield. He was captured in London and executed on 10 December 1591. He was canonised as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales in 1970, and is named on one of the plaques on the side of Saint Mary’s remembering the Martyrs of Lichfield.
The plaque on the north side of Saint Mary’s commemorating Edmund Gennings (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Later, a Puritan survey in 1604 found ‘many popish’ in Lichfield. This Roman Catholic presence continued in the Lichfield area in the 18th century. A census of recusants in Staffordshire in 1706 returned 1,200 people, including Mrs Comberford of Comberford, her three grandchildren and her three servants [Greenslade, p p 181].
Greenslade suggests the private chapel in Comberford Hall probably continued into the early decades of that century, and Pipe Hall, once the home of Heveningham family who had intermarried with the Comberford family, was a Roman Catholic centre with a chapel.
But the chapel at Pipe Hall closed when Thomas Weld, a descendant of the Heveningham family, sold the house in 1800. Weld gave the vestments and other items belonging to the chapel and £200 to Thomas Clifford of Tixall. Clifford raised a further £400 and bought a house on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street, then occupied by a Roman Catholic baker.
This corner house provided lodgings for a priest, and a chapel was formed by throwing two rooms together. Father John Kirk (1760-1851), who had been the priest at Pipe Hall from 1788 to 1792, and in 1801 he was appointed to Lichfield by Bishop Gregory Stapleton, the newly-appointed Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District.
Father Kirk was the last student received by the Jesuits into the English College in Rome before Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Society of Jesus in 1773. When he was appointed to Lichfield in 1801, he had a stipend of £60 a year. At the beginning of the Lichfield mission, there were 60 adult communicants, and later, by 1810, there were 75, including Catholics from the Tamworth area and French émigrés and prisoners of war.
Meanwhile, however, Father Kirk found the house on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street was inconvenient and ‘meanly situated.’ He complained that the sanctuary of his chapel was directly over the baker’s oven, and that the heat was almost unbearable. In 1802, he bought land in Upper Saint John Street and there he built a chapel and house that were completed in 1803.
The chapel was first dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul. The name was changed to Holy Cross Church when the church was enlarged in 1834, including the addition of a turret and an entrance porch designed by the Lichfield architect Joseph Potter.
A painting of the Crucifixion by the 17th century Flemish artist Nicolaes de Bruyn, brought from Pipe Hall, had served as an altarpiece, and was also moved from the Bore Street chapel to the new chapel on Upper Saint John Street.
When Father Kirk died on 21 December 1851, aged 91, he was buried in the chapel he had built. He was succeeded by Father Joseph Parkes, his assistant for 10 years.
Meanwhile, what happened to the baker’s shop on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street, and the chapel above it?
In his book, The Old Pubs of Lichfield, John Shaw says the Dolphin is first listed on these premises 200 years ago, in 1818. However, Kate Gomez on her local history blog, Lichfield Lore, has pointed out that the original building on this corner site was timber framed, dating back to the 16th century, and she wonders whether parts of the original building survived in the changes over the centuries.
In 1818, the Dolphin was run by Henry Genders, who later ran athe Board, a pub on Birmingham Road. Standing opposite, on the other corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street, was the Goat’s Head, which survived until 1970.
By 1896, the place was known as the Dolphin Hotel. The last known licensee was Percy Woodfield, who later moved to the Lemon Tree at 125 Beacon Street, which closed in 1915.
The Dolphin Inn was demolished in 1912 and replaced by the current building in 1913. It was built by local builders JR Deacon as the Walsall and District Co-operative Society Ltd Branch No 13.
Kate Gomez notes that when the new Co-op opened, the builder, Councillor Deacon, handed the chairman of the Co-op with a walking stick made from one of the wooden beams of the old Dolphin Inn. She suggests the possibility that the previous building not fully demolished, and may just have been significantly altered and incorporated into the present building.
In my imagination, I wonder whether it was similar in building style to the 16th century timber framed building next door to Thomas Cook’s that is now Caffe Nero.
In her blog Lichfield Lore, Kate Gomez reported five years ago [11 May 2013] that Frank Clarke, a regular contributor to the Facebook group ‘You’re probably from Lichfield, Staffs if …,’ had uncovered a dolphin mosaic under rotting floorboards while carrying out work there in the 1970s.
More recently, Burtons, who had opened a branch on Market Street since the 1930s, Burtons moved to this prominent corner site the late 1980s. But Burtons shut up shop in March 2013, and the premises were left empty for some time.
For a short time, it was the premises of Snap, but more recently WhiteStuff has moved in here, occupying a highly visible retail location in the heart of the cathedral city. Thomas Cook, the travel agents, also have part of the Bore Street frontage.
Looking up one sunny morning last month, I wondered whether part of Father Kirk’s former chapel had survived on the first floor through all the rebuildings and renovations over the past 200 years.
Inside Holy Cross Church on Upper Saint John Street … it replaced the upstairs chapel on the corner of Bore Street and Breadmarket Street (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Further Reading:
‘Lichfield: Roman Catholicism and Protestant nonconformity,’ in A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14, Lichfield, ed MW Greenslade (London, 1990), pp 155-159. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol14/pp155-159 [accessed 17 February 2018].
‘Burntwood: Manors, local government and public services,’ in A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14, Lichfield, ed MW Greenslade (London, 1990), pp 205-220. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol14/pp205-220 [accessed 17 February 2018].
MR Greenslade, Catholic Staffordshire 1500-1850 (Leominster: Gracewing, 2006).
Kate Gomez, ‘Co-operation,’ Lichfield Lore, 11 May 2013.
John Shaw, The Old Pubs of Lichfield (Lichfield: George Lane Publishing, 2007 ed).
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