The ruins of Saint Leonard’s Hospital and its chapel are tucked into the north-east corner of the Museum Gardens in York (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2022)
Patrick Comerford
Today the Calendar of the Church of England in Common Worship commemorates George Bell, Bishop of Chichester, Ecumenist, Peacemaker, 1958.
Before today gets busy, I am taking some time this morning for reading, prayer and reflection.
This morning, and throughout this week, I am continuing last week’s theme of reflecting each morning on a church, chapel, or place of worship in York, where I stayed in mid-September.
In my prayer diary this week I am reflecting in these ways:
1, One of the readings for the morning;
2, Reflecting on a church, chapel or place of worship in York;
3, a prayer from the USPG prayer diary, ‘Pray with the World Church.’
Saint Leonard’s Hospital, York, was once the largest and most important mediaeval hospital in northern England (Photograph Patrick Comerford, 2022)
George Bell (1881-1958) was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. After serving a curacy and then spending a short time back at Oxford as a don, George Bell was domestic chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury and then Dean of Canterbury before becoming Bishop of Chichester in 1929. He was interested in all forms of Christian social work and was in the forefront of moves towards Christian Unity, advocating co-operation of all Christian denominations in international and social action.
He had many friends in Germany, especially members of the German Confessing Church, and spoke out in their support when they were finding themselves in conflict with the Nazi state. During World War II, he spoke in the House of Lords against the indiscriminate bombing of German towns and strongly condemned some of the actions of the Allies; this preparedness to speak the truth as he saw it may have prevented him from attaining the highest office in the Church of England. He died on this day in 1958.
Luke 10: 25-37 (NRSVA):
25 Just then a lawyer stood up to test Jesus. ‘Teacher,’ he said, ‘what must I do to inherit eternal life?’ 26 He said to him, ‘What is written in the law? What do you read there?’ 27 He answered, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbour as yourself.’ 28 And he said to him, ‘You have given the right answer; do this, and you will live.’
29 But wanting to justify himself, he asked Jesus, ‘And who is my neighbour?’ 30 Jesus replied, ‘A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell into the hands of robbers, who stripped him, beat him, and went away, leaving him half dead. 31 Now by chance a priest was going down that road; and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. 32 So likewise a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. 33 But a Samaritan while travelling came near him; and when he saw him, he was moved with pity. 34 He went to him and bandaged his wounds, having poured oil and wine on them. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 35 The next day he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said, “Take care of him; and when I come back, I will repay you whatever more you spend.” 36 Which of these three, do you think, was a neighbour to the man who fell into the hands of the robbers?’ 37 He said, ‘The one who showed him mercy.’ Jesus said to him, ‘Go and do likewise.’
The best-preserved part of the ruins of Saint Leonard’s Hospital, York, is the beautifully vaulted undercroft that supported the infirmary (Photograph Patrick Comerford, 2022)
Saint Leonard’s Hospital, York:
The ruins of Saint Leonard’s Hospital and its chapel are tucked into the north-east corner of the Museum Gardens in York.
The ruins of Saint Leonard’s occupy the western corner of the Roman fortress of Eboracum, and at first glance the remains look like the ruins of an old church. This was once the largest and most important mediaeval hospital in northern England.
Tradition says the hospital was established by King Athelstan around the year 937. It disappears from the historical record until William II built a chapel here dedicated to St Peter. Henry I followed with a grant of building materials, but it seems that the hospital building was destroyed by fire in 1137.
King Stephen rebuilt the hospital church and dedicated it to Saint Leonard, although the hospital itself was called Saint Peter’s for another century.
In the mid-12th century, a large building with a vaulted undercroft was erected near the eastern boundary of the hospital precinct.
The mediaeval hospital occupied the whole of the west corner of the Roman fortress, reaching from the Roman wall on the south-west to the back of the properties along High Petergate to the north-east.
The remains in Museum Gardens are probably part of the hospital infirmary, built by John Romanus, the Treasurer of York Minster, ca 1325-1350. The best-preserved part of the ruins is the beautifully vaulted undercroft that supported the infirmary, and a long gatehouse passage into the hospital precinct.
The undercroft vaulting is exceptionally well-preserved. Inside this area, a large truncated column has a worn capital in 12th-century style. The column is round, unlike those that actively support the undercroft roof, which are polygonal. The column capitals are extremely simple, with very little carving, and the corbels are also very simply carved.
In the mediaeval period, a hospital was a place for spiritual as well as physical healing, for pilgrims as well as the ill, the infirm, the poor and the elderly. There were 206 beds for patients. The beds were given by private benefactors.
Patients or residents were clothed, fed, cleaned, and given a roof over their heads. In return, they were expected to attend religious services daily and to confess their sins before receiving medical treatment.
Like Saint John’s Hospital in Lichfield, Saint Leonard’s Hospital in York was similar to a monastery in many ways, and the daily routine in the hospital included daily prayers and services. The hospital was run by 13 chaplain brothers who followed the rules of the Austin Canons or Augustinians. They were assisted by eight regular sisters, lay brothers, 30 choristers, and servants.
The space under the infirmary was converted in 1346 for use as a nursery for children. The hospital ran a grammar school offering instruction to choirboys, boys in the hospital’s own orphanage, and paupers living on land owned by the hospital.
Part of the hospital chapel remains, including a three-light window. Carved stones from Saint Leonard’s Hospital are on display in the Yorkshire Museum, a stone’s throw away in Museum Gardens. The Green Room in the Theatre Royal preserves the greater part of two vaulted compartments of an undercroft built in the mid-12th century. More mediaeval masonry may be encased within the walls of the theatre.
As a religious foundation, the hospital was victim to the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the reign of Henry VIII. For the next 200 years, York was without a hospital, until 1740.
The site was granted to Sir Arthur Darcy in 1544, but Darcy sold it back to the Crown two years later. The royal mint was then moved from York Castle to the hospital and operated there until 1553.
The mint was reopened in 1629, then moved to Saint William’s College in 1642. Over the centuries, the hospital buildings were used as a stable, a boatyard, and as an air raid shelter.
Some of the mediaeval hospital buildings were pulled down when Museum Street was widened in 1782. More were lost when Saint Leonard’s Place was built in 1832.
The ruins of Saint Leonard’s occupy the western corner of the Roman fortress of Eboracum (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2022)
Today’s Prayer (Monday 3 October 2022):
The Collect:
O Lord, we beseech you mercifully to hear the prayers
of your people who call upon you;
and grant that they may both perceive and know
what things they ought to do,
and also may have grace and power faithfully to fulfil them;
through Jesus Christ your Son our Lord,
who is alive and reigns with you,
in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and for ever.
The Post Communion Prayer:
Almighty God,
you have taught us through your Son
that love is the fulfilling of the law:
grant that we may love you with our whole heart
and our neighbours as ourselves;
through Jesus Christ our Lord.
The theme in the USPG Prayer Diary this week is ‘Mission in a Crisis.’ This theme is introduced yesterday by Father Rasika Abeysinghe, Priest in the Diocese of Kurunagala, Church of Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
The USPG Prayer Diary invites us to pray today (3 October 2022) in these words:
We pray for the people of Sri Lanka as they endure the country’s worst economic crisis in decades. May they be provided for and may they find justice.
Yesterday’s reflection
Continued tomorrow
A large truncated column in the undercroft of Saint Leonard’s Hospital has a worn capital in 12th-century style (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2022)
Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicised Edition copyright © 1989, 1995, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. http://nrsvbibles.org
Part of the chapel Saint Leonard’s Hospital remains, including a three-light window (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2022)
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment