16 July 2020

Two Comberford wills tell
of family jealousy and
strife in the 18th century

The Comberford Monument in Saint Editha’s Church, Tamworth, gives misleading information on Robert Comberford, his wife, Catherine, and their descendants (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2019)

Patrick Comerford

In my many talks and papers over the years, I have often told the stories of the last Comberfords at Comberford Hall, between Lichfield and Tamworth.

In recent research, I have across the marriage of one of the granddaughters of Robert Comberford and his wife Catherine (Bates) of Comberford. The details in the wills of both Catherine (Bates) Comberford and Catherine (Brooke) Purcell offer new insights into the problems this branch of the family faced with division, jealousy and family strife, as it lost its last grips on its last remaining property holdings in Comberford and Tamworth in the 18th century.

Catherine (Bates) Comberford was the widow of Robert Comberford, who had managed to recover Comberford Hall in 1656, despite the vicissitudes of the English Civil War. Robert died in 1669 – not in 1671, as stated on the memorial in the Comberford Chapel in Saint Editha’s Church, Tamworth.

Despite the misleading claims on the Comberford memorial, Robert’s widow Catherine and her children continued to live on at Comberford Hall into the 18th century. She made her will on 18 January 1715, and states that she is living in Staffordshire and a widow.

Catherine and Robert Comberford were the parents of two daughters: Mary, who married Thomas Giffard and who died in 1683; and Anne, who married Thomas Brooke of Madeley, who lived at Comberford. Thomas Brooke was the son of Thomas and Anne (Nevill) Brooke and the grandson of Sir Basil Brooke, the inventor of iron smelting and the so-called father of the industrial revolution.

Catherine's two daughters, Mary and Anne, predeceased their mother, and so in her will Catherine Comberford, having outlived her daughters, names her grandchildren, providing interesting insights into her family and how they held on to the remnants of the Comberford estates.

In her will, Catherine leaves the bulk of her estate to her two granddaughters, Catherine Brooke, the daughter of Thomas Brooke, and Mary Grosvenor, wife of Sherrington Grosvenor of Tamworth. She leaves these two granddaughters all her land and property situated in Wigginton in the parish of Tamworth, Staffordshire, which she had originally bought from William Brampton. She also leaves land and property in Hopwas, Staffordshire, then occupied by Henry Ashmore, and a small meadow in Cawford Meadow within the Parish of Tamworth.

She leaves to her grandson John Brooke land called the Wall Furlonge in Tamworth, which she bought from the late James Pritchard and by then occupied by William Pritchard. However, she gives this land to John Brooke ‘on the express condition’ that within two years of her decease he pays £40 to help his two sisters, Catherine Brooke and Mary Grosvenor, so that they may use that money to pay her debts and legacies.

If John Brooke fails to do this, Catherine insists, then he must give the land she has given him to his two sisters. She has another property at Hopwas, which she had bought from Francis Astbury and which is then occupied by Thomas Astbury. She gives this to her two granddaughters, Catherine Brooke and Mary Grosvenor.

She also gives both her granddaughters £1,000, ‘at present held in the hand of Lord Cobham.’ She gives £20 to her cousin, ‘Isabell Palin wife of Thomas Palin’ of Downesdale, Staffordshire.

She gives £10 to her grandson Francis Brooke, £20 to Catherine, the daughter of her grandson Francis Brooke, and £10 to her grandson Edward Brooke. She then appoints her two granddaughters, Mary and Catherine, along with her good friend Richard Nevill, as joint executors of her will.

Probate was granted three years later on 24 November 1718, so we can estimate that Catherine Comberford died at Comberford Hall in mid to late 1718.

Comberford Hall, a Grade II listed building … Catherine Comberford died there in 1718 (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Because Catherine Brooke, Catherine Comberford’s granddaughter, is not married at this time, I had failed to pursue any further biographical details. But, in recent weeks, I have found that after the death of her grandmother Catherine Comberford, Catherine Brooke married Thomas Purcell. This Purcell family lived in Stafford earlier in the 17th century. While there is some speculation that they were related to the composer Henry Purcell (1659-1695), this seems highly unlikely.

In later life, her will reveals, Catherine (Brooke) Purcell had unhappy relationships with her own family and with her husband’s family. In her will, she expresses her displeasure with her own family and she entirely ignores her Purcell in-laws.

In this will, Catherine (Brooke) Purcell describes herself as a widow, late of The Hay in the parish of Madeley in Shropshire, but by then living in the Parish of Saint Andrew, Holborn, in Middlesex, widow. She drew up her will on 10 December 1744, and it was proved on 1 September 1746.

Catherine and Thomas Purcell had no children. In her will, Catherine gives £500 each to her two nieces, Ann and Mary Grosvenor, daughters of Sherrington Grosvenor of Holt in the Parish of Kingsbury, Warwickshire. But, pointedly, she leaves only £1 1s to her nephew, also named Sherrington Grosvenor.

This nephew Sherrington Grosvenor married Rose Austen, daughter of Sir Robert Austen; Rose’s aunt, Rose Austen, had married Comberford Brooke, brother of Catherine (Brooke) Purcell, who died in 1711.

Catherine bequeaths to her ‘dear Brother John Brooke’ the sum of £50 for mourning and 20 shillings for a ring.

‘But,’ referring to her brother and her nephew, she says, ‘I declare they do not deserve anything from me they not having given me the least relief though I have for several years last past been driven to such extremities as often to want common necessaries of life and must have perished for want had I not been relieved by my executors.’

She gave £20 to Richard Foster ‘for his kindness towards me.’ She left £500 to be divided between Elizabeth and Janet Vaughan, daughters of Thomas Vaughan of Essex Street in the parish of Saint Clement Danes, London, ‘as a token of my gratitude for the great kindness and civility he has shown me.’

She also leaves £500 for William Morris, the infant son of Thomas Morris, now living in Brooks Market in Saint Andrew’s Parish, Holborn, expressing gratitude for ‘the great kindness often showed me by … Thomas Morris and for his procuring me a friend and for several expenses he has been at in my support and maintenance and in consideration of the love and affection I have and bear towards the said William Morris. for whom I wish I could better provide.’

She leaves the rest of her estate to her friend Thomas Morris and she appoints Thomas Morris and Thomas Vaughan the joint executors of her will.

Catherine must have been quite a well-off woman when she married Thomas Purcell, and she appears to have inherited most of her wealth from her grandmother, Catherine Comberford.

As for the last remaining family property holdings in Comberford, they were disposed of in a deed of partition, involving the lease and release of property in the Manor of Comberford and Wigginton, on 29 June 1771 by Sherrington Grosvenor of Langley, Buckinghamshire, and Christopher Astley of Tamworth, to John Millington of Tamworth.

The last remaining Comberford holdings were divided in a lease and release of the property in 1771 (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)

Christ Crucified on the Mushroom Cloud:
the ‘Trinity’ test 75 years ago on 16 July

Christ crucified on the Mushroom Cloud … the icon of Our Lady of Mount Carmel by Kristin McCarthy

Patrick Comerford

I have been invited once again this year to speak at the annual Hiroshima Day commemorations organised by the Irish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) on 6 August in Merrion Square, Dublin.

The 75th anniversary of the end of World War II has been marked in commemorations and at events throughout this year, and 6 August marks the 75th anniversary of the dropping on the first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in 1945.

Today [16 July 1945] also marks the 75th anniversary of the first atomic explosion in the US at the Trinity test site near Alamogordo, in the New Mexico desert on 16 July 1945.

Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear device. The explosion was carried out by the US army at 5.29 a.m. on 16 July 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project, in the Jornada del Muerto desert, about 56 km south-east of Socorro, New Mexico. The test was of an implosion-design plutonium device, nicknamed ‘The Gadget’ of the same design as the Fat Man bomb later detonated over Nagasaki on 9 August 1945.

The code name ‘Trinity’ was chosen by J Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967), the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, who later said his choice was inspired by the poetry of John Donne and his references the God as Trinity.

Leslie Groves, director of the Manhattan Project, wrote to Oppenheimer in 1962, asking him about the origin of the name, and whether he had chosen it because it was a name common to rivers and peaks in the West and would not attract attention.

Oppenheimer replied: ‘I did suggest it, but not on that ground … Why I chose the name is not clear, but I know what thoughts were in my mind. There is a poem of John Donne, written just before his death, which I know and love. From it a quotation:

‘As west and east
In all flat maps (and I am one) are one,
So death doth touch the resurrection.’

However, these lines by Donne do for not refer to the Trinity.

The Catholic anti-war movement has built on the coincidence between this date and the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, which also falls on 16 July.

Thirty years ago, in 1990, Father Emmanuel Charles McCarthy, a priest of the Eastern Rite Melkite Church, an Orthodox-style Church in communion with the Roman Catholic Church, initiated the ‘16 July Twenty-Four Hours Day of Prayer,’ for Forgiveness and Protection with Our Lady of Mount Carmel, at Trinity Site in the New Mexico desert.

Father Charles was ordained a priest in Damascus, Syria, on 9 August 1981. He has served as spiritual director and rector of Saint Gregory the Theologian Melkite Catholic Seminary in Newton, Massachusetts, and is now a retreat director.

He graduated from the University of Notre Dame in Indiana in 1962, and lectured there, becoming the founder and the original director of the Program for the Study and Practice of Nonviolent Conflict Resolution. He is also co-founder, with Dorothy Day, Gordon Zahn and others, of Pax Christi USA.

In 1983, he began the Annual Forty Day Fast for the Truth of Gospel Nonviolence, from 1 July to 9 August. In 1990, he initiated the July 16 Twenty-Four Hours Day of Prayer for Forgiveness and Protection with Our Lady of Mount Carmel at Trinity Site in the New Mexico desert.

Each year on 16 July, a prayer vigil is conducted at the Trinity site to pray for peace and the elimination of nuclear weapons.

The 24-hour prayer vigil at the Trinity site in New Mexico each year lasts from 6 p.m. on 15 July to 6 p.m. on 16 July.

Father Charles invites people who cannot make the journey to Trinity Site ‘to set aside a piece of time that day … to pray that humanity be protected and saved from the scourge of evil that human beings have brought upon themselves.’

The ‘Statement of Purpose of the Day of Prayer,’ used at the vigil for the past 30 years, says:

‘July 16 is the symbol and reality of weaponry that kills even if it is never used, as well as weaponry that kills long after it is used. By its cost alone it murders the working class and poor by depriving them of indispensable resources, which they need to live, and to which every human being has an inalienable right – a right conferred simply by the fact that he or she is a human being.

‘Once the soul and the soil are seeded by the production of such weapons, no one on the planet can protect himself or herself from being contaminated by their ever-mutating spiritual and physical manifestations. They have already created within humanity a cauldron of physical, spiritual, social, personal, and economic pathologies that have infected and affected humanity in ways never before seen.

‘Every child in the womb, every farm, every lake, every person, every person’s loved ones and offspring for untold generations must eventually wind up living downwind from the mushroom cloud.’

An Icon of Our Lady of Mount Carmel by Kristin McCarthy, daughter of Father Charles McCarthy, shows Our Lady of Mount Carmel at the Trinity Site with an image of Christ crucified on the nuclear mushroom cloud.

Today [16 July 2020], the Beyond Nuclear project, in partnership with the Nuclear Free Future Foundation, the Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung and IPPNW, is marking the anniversary by launching the first global Uranium Atlas, in English. The Atlas maps uranium across the world, from the first ores mined to the first cupful of radioactive waste – and the legacy resulting in nuclear weapons and nuclear power.

You can join the online launch then, at this link: www.rosalux.de/livestream

Hymn to God, My God, in My Sickness, by John Donne

Since I am coming to that holy room,
Where, with thy choir of saints for evermore,
I shall be made thy music; as I come
I tune the instrument here at the door,
And what I must do then, think here before.

Whilst my physicians by their love are grown
Cosmographers, and I their map, who lie
Flat on this bed, that by them may be shown
That this is my south-west discovery,
Per fretum febris, by these straits to die,

I joy, that in these straits I see my west;
For, though their currents yield return to none,
What shall my west hurt me? As west and east
In all flat maps (and I am one) are one,
So death doth touch the resurrection.

Is the Pacific Sea my home? Or are
The eastern riches? Is Jerusalem?
Anyan, and Magellan, and Gibraltar,
All straits, and none but straits, are ways to them,
Whether where Japhet dwelt, or Cham, or Shem.

We think that Paradise and Calvary,
Christ’s cross, and Adam’s tree, stood in one place;
Look, Lord, and find both Adams met in me;
As the first Adam’s sweat surrounds my face,
May the last Adam’s blood my soul embrace.

So, in his purple wrapp’d, receive me, Lord;
By these his thorns, give me his other crown;
And as to others’ souls I preach’d thy word,
Be this my text, my sermon to mine own:
‘Therefore that he may raise, the Lord throws down.’