The train tracks in Auschwitz-Birkenau (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Patrick Comerford
Next Monday (27 January) marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi death camp, in 1945. Holocaust Memorial Day is particularly significant year with this anniversary and the 30th anniversary of the genocide in Bosnia.
Eighty years after the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau, antisemitism has increased significantly in the UK and globally following the 7 October attacks in Israel by Hamas and the subsequent war in Gaza. Extremists are also exploiting the situation to stir up anti-Muslim hatred or Islamophobia. Many Jewish and Muslim communities are feeling vulnerable, with hostility and suspicion of others rising.
The rise of the far-right across Europe, including disturbing electoral gains in Germany and Austria, and the political affirmation of extremism in the US in recent weeks, make its even more urgent for us all to speak out against Holocaust and genocide denial and distortion, to challenge prejudice, and to encourage others to learn about the Holocaust and more recent genocides.
Of course racism and hatred do not always lead to genocide. But all genocides begin with insidious stages including propaganda, ‘othering’ and dehumanisation. Professor Gregory Stanton has developed an academic model outlining 10 stages of genocide, demonstrating that genocide is a process that develops in stages that are predictable – but not inevitable. At each stage, preventive measures can stop it. Learning about the Holocaust and more recent genocides can help to identify the warning signs in the world today.
The Holocaust Memorial Day commemoration in Milton Keynes takes place at the in the Church of Christ the Cornerstone on Sunday afternoon 26 January (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
The Holocaust was the attempt by the Nazis and their collaborators to destroy all Jewish people in Europe. Building on centuries of antisemitism, persecution of Jewish people began as soon as the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933. Classification, dividing people into ‘us’ and ‘them’ followed with the Nuremberg laws that discriminated against Jews, stripping them of German citizenship. They were forced to wear yellow stars, a visual sign of the hatred which escalated to dehumanisation, polarisation, persecution and ultimately to the extermination of 6 million Jewish people.
In Milton Keynes, the annual Holocaust Remembrance Day commemoration is taking takes place in the Church of Christ the Cornerstone at 3 pm tomorrow afternoon (Sunday 26 January 2025). It usually takes place at the Milton Keynes Rose in Campbell Park, but the venue has been changed over the past 48 hours because of the adverse weather forecast for tomorrow. The ceremony will include readings relating to the Holocaust, music, songs, a time of silence and lighting candles to mark the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz.
This year, 80 lit candles will mark the 80th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau on 27 January 1945.
The gates of Auschwitz (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
The BBC is marking Holocaust Remembrance Day on Monday (27 January 2025) and the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau with a wide range of programming on television, radio and online, and full coverage of the Auschwitz Ceremony from Poland and commemorative events across the UK.
There will be coverage across BBC News and the BBC News channel throughout the day, following the main events and providing insight, context and sharing human stories.
Fiona Bruce will be live from Auschwitz for a special programme on BBC One from 2:30 pm, covering the commemoration ceremony at the camp. She will hear from a Holocaust survivor and speak to guests about the history and contemporary relevance of Auschwitz.
In the evening on BBC One and iPlayer from 7 pm, survivors and VIPs will attend a unique commemoration to mark Holocaust Memorial Day, hosted by Reeta Chakrabarti to remember the six million Jewish men, women and children brutally murdered by the Nazis in the Holocaust and other victims of Nazi persecution.
The ceremony will also commemorate the people who were murdered in the genocide in Bosnia 30 years ago and in other more recent genocides. Through music, readings and personal testimony, the victims of these events will be remembered. Among those taking part in this event are cellist Sheku Kanneh-Mason, The Countess of Wessex’s String Orchestra and Rob Rinder.
A monument to Jewish victims of the Holocaust outside the Jewish cemetery in Berlin (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Three new BBC television documentaries also explore the lasting impact of the Holocaust.
In What Happened at Auschwitz on BBC 1 and iPlayer (20 January, 8:30 pm), BBC journalist and award winning presenter Jordan Dunbar discovered how the Holocaust is a story that is being diluted nowadays through disinformation and cultural amnesia. He visited Auschwitz-Birkenau camp and met survivors who aive new interviews.
On BBC Two and iPlayer on Monday (27 January, 9 pm), a new feature documentary, The Last Musician of Auschwitz tells the story of Anita Lasker-Wallfisch who, at 99, is the only surviving member of the Women’s Orchestra at Auschwitz. The film features first-person testimony from Anita alongside musical performances around Auschwitz, including the UK broadcast premiere of Lullaby, composed at the camp by the Polish political prisoner Adam Kopyciński.
Later in the year, the historian Sir Simon Schama confronts the history of the Holocaust in the most personal and unflinching film of his career, Simon Schama: The Holocaust – 80 Years On. Despite a lifetime dedicated to documenting Jewish history, this film follows Simon Schama’s first-ever visit to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
On BBC Radio 3, listeners will hear artists and survivors with reflective music throughout the day. BBC Radio 3 Breakfast with Petroc Trelawny will be broadcast live from Auschwitz, remembering all the musicians affected by the Holocaust and starting a commemorative day of reflective music on the station. This includes a special Radio 3 In Concert edition featuring a commemorative composition, Jonathan Dove’s 2020 work In Exile, dedicated to cellist Anita Lasker-Wallfish, by the BBC Symphony Orchestra.
On BBC Radio 4, Katya Adler will co-present the Today programme live from Auschwitz on Monday and the Thought for the Day speaker will be the Chief Rabbi, Sir Ephraim Mirvis. Elsewhere on Radio 4, Crossing Continents uncovers the truth behind the death marches, and anatomist and forensic anthropologist Professor Sue Black investigates how the actions of Nazi-sponsored anatomists continue to be felt today in Shadow of War. Rabbi Jonathan Wittenberg will travel with his nephew, BBC journalist Daniel Wittenberg, to retrace the final steps of two members of they family who perished in Auschwitz as part of Sunday Worship tomorrow morning.
Fiona Bruce will co-present the News at Six and News at Ten on location, and Jon Kay will co-present from Auschwitz for BBC Breakfast and the News at One.
Lucy Hockings will be on location for the BBC News Channel to follow events throughout the day, as well as events in the UK and around the world. The BBC News Channel will also simulcast the BBC One coverage of the Auschwitz ceremony from 2:30 pm.
Newsround is to broadcast a special bulletin with Emma-Louise Amanshia travelling to Auschwitz with a group of students to find out why they feel it is important to learn what happened there. BBC Teach is making Holocaust Memorial Day assembly packs available and the website is hosting a short film in which Emma-Louise Amanshia talks with John Hajdu about his experience of surviving the Holocaust.
The World Service range of programmes in the past week or so has included Documentary: Songs of Auschwitz, which uncovered the story of music and survival from Auschwitz (23 January), Heart and Soul: Kaddish: Why We Pray for the Dead, a documentary marking the 80th anniversary of the Red Army’s liberation of Auschwitz (17 January) and Assignment: Death Marches: uncovering the truth beneath the soil (21 January).
Olivia Marks-Woldman of the Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, says: ‘Holocaust Memorial Day is a moment for us all to pause, reflect, and remember the six million Jewish men, women, and children murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators, while also honouring the victims of more recent genocides including in Bosnia 30 years ago. It’s a day with the power to touch hearts and inspire change.’
A ‘stolperstein’ or ‘stumbling stone’ on Donore Avenue, Dublin: Ephraim Saks / Born Dublin 1915 / Arrested 1942 / Deported / Antwerp / Interned Drancy / Deported / Auschwitz / Murdered 1942 (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Eighty years on from the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau, as living witnesses rely on us to carry forward their legacy, silence must not be an option.
Holocaust distortion, denial and trivialisation are all increasing. Holocaust denial is any attempt to deny the Holocaust happened, while Holocaust distortion is where the Holocaust is acknowledged to have happened, but the extent or nature of the Holocaust is questioned, minimised, trivialised or even inverted – for example, where Jews today are likened to Nazis. Holocaust denial and distortion are both forms of antisemitism and should be confronted.
This Holocaust Memorial Day, we all have an opportunity to take action for a better future, where people are not suffering prejudice or persecution because of their faith, ethnicity or other characteristic.
But a new study published this week shows that almost half of Americans cannot name a single Nazi death camp. The comprehensive survey conducted by the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany discovered a decline in Holocaust education among young people. It shows 48 per cent of US respondents are unable to name any of the concentration camps and ‘substantial portions’ are unaware of the six million figure.
I fear the political trends in the US and across Europe 80 years after the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. I plan to be at the Rose in Campbell Park tomorrow, still hoping that this generation carries forward the legacy of the witnesses, remember those who were murdered and challenge those who would distort or deny the past, or who discriminate and persecute today.
The annual Holocaust Remembrance Day commemoration usually takes place at the Milton Keynes Rose in Campbell Park, but the venue has been changed to the Church of Christ the Cornerstone tomorrow afternoon (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
25 January 2025
Daily prayer in Christmas 2024-2025:
32, Saturday 25 January 2025,
the Conversion of Saint Paul
A statue of Saint Paul at Saint Peter and Saint Paul Church, Singapore (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2024)
Patrick Comerford
The 40-day season of Christmas continues until Candlemas or the Feast of the Presentation (2 February). Tomorrow is the Third Sunday of Epiphany (Epiphany III), with the Gospel reading recalling the beginning of Christ’s public ministry when Jesus reads and teaches in the synagogue in Nazareth (Luke 4: 14-21).
Today is the Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul and the Eighth Day and closing day of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity. Before today begins, I am taking some quiet time this morning to give thanks, to reflect, to pray and to read in these ways:
1, today’s Gospel reading;
2, a short reflection;
3, a prayer from the USPG prayer diary;
4, the Collects and Post-Communion prayer of the day.
Saint Peter and Saint Paul … a fresco in the Church of the Four Martyrs in Rethymnon in Crete (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Matthew 19: 27-30 (NRSVA):
27 Then Peter said in reply, ‘Look, we have left everything and followed you. What then will we have?’ 28 Jesus said to them, ‘Truly I tell you, at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man is seated on the throne of his glory, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 29 And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields, for my name’s sake, will receive a hundredfold, and will inherit eternal life. 30 But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.’
The Apostle Peter and the Apostle Paul holding the church in unity … an early 18th century icon in the Museum of Christian Art in Iraklion, Crete (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Today’s Reflection:
Today is the Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul [25 January]. The Gospel reading at the Eucharist today (Matthew 19: 27-30) talks about abandoning everything from the past for the sake of following Christ in apostolic ministry.
The account of the Apostle Paul’s conversion on the road to Damascus is provided in one of the other readings today (Acts 9:1-22).
Because I was born a day after this feast day, my mother wanted to call me Paul. The uncle and aunt who brought me to be baptised – my father’s half-brother Arthur and his wife Kathleen – had other ideas. Another of my father’s brothers was also called Patrick, named after his maternal grandfather, Patrick Lynders. But my mother often continued to call me Paul. I am more than comfortable with the name Patrick, yet there is a way in these two days – the Conversion of Saint Paul (25 January) and my birthday (26 January) – come together for me as one celebration.
The Apostle Paul’s entire life is explained in terms of one experience – his meeting with Christ on the road to Damascus. Although he had a zealot’s hatred for Christ, who was just a few years older than him, Saint Paul probably never saw Jesus before the Ascension. Yet he was determined in chasing down the followers of Christ: ‘entering house after house and dragging out men and women, he handed them over for imprisonment’ (Acts 8: 3b).
But, on the road to Damascus, Christ enters Saint Paul’s own inner home, seizes possession of him, takes command of all his energy, and harnesses it so that Saint Paul becomes a slave of Christ in the ministry of reconciliation as a consequence of one simple sentence: ‘I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting’ (Acts 9: 5b).
Saint Paul, who was blind in his prejudice, is blinded so that he can have a new vision. He is imprisoned so that he can bring his great message to the world. And the magnitude of his sins, including his attempts to wipe out Christianity completely, show us clearly that no matter how terrible the sin may be any sinner may be forgiven.
In the same way, the Apostle Peter’s denial of Christ – three times during his Passion – did not put him beyond the forgiveness and love of Christ. Saint Peter too, in an effort to save his own skin, denied he knew the prisoner, but became a prisoner himself and a martyr for Christ.
No matter what our failings and our weaknesses, no matter where our blind spots may be, Christ calls us – not once but constantly – to turn around, to turn towards him, to turn our lives around, to turn them over to him.
Instead of his persecution, Saint Paul is remembered as the first and greatest missionary.
Instead of his three denials, Saint Peter is remembered for his confession of faith, his acceptance of Jesus as the Messiah or the Christ, recorded in the three synoptic Gospels (Matthew 16: 13-20; Mark 8: 13-20; Luke 9: 18-20). That Confession of Saint Peter was marked many Church calendars last Saturday [18 January 2025], and marked the beginning of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.
Today, the Conversion of Saint Paul is celebrated throughout the Church – in the Anglican, Roman Catholic, Lutheran and Orthodox traditions. This day also marks the end of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.
The Week of Prayer for Christian Unity – or rather, the Octave of Christian Unity – from 18 to 25 January, linking those two feasts, was first suggested in 1908 by an American Episcopalian or Anglican monk, Father Paul Wattson, who was the superior of the Franciscan Friars of the Atonement, and who reintroduced Franciscan life to the Anglican Communion.
Appropriately, the icon of Christian Unity in the Eastern Orthodox tradition shows Peter and Paul embracing – almost wrestling – arms around each other, beards so close they are almost inter-twining. Every time I see this icon, I think of Psalm 133:
How very good and pleasant it is
when [brothers] live together in unity!
It is like the precious oil on the head,
running down upon the beard,
on the beard of Aaron,
running down over the collar of his robes.
It is like the dew of Hermon,
which falls on the mountains of Zion.
For there the Lord ordained his blessing,
life for evermore.
So, despite many readings of the New Testament, especially the Acts of the Apostles, that see Saint Peter and Saint Paul in conflict with each other rather than complementing each other, they can be models for Church Unity.
Without that unity in the Early Church, its mission would have been hamstrung and hampered. For without unity there can be no effective mission, as the great Edinburgh Missionary Conference realised in 1910. And so the modern ecumenical movement has real roots in the mission of the Church.
As we come to the end of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, I pray that we may rejoice in the fact that differences can complement each other, and that we will see the diversity and unity that Saint Peter and Saint Paul wrestled with but eventually rejoiced in as models for our own unity today and in times to come.
Saint Peter (left) and Saint Paul (right) among the carved figures on the west front of Lichfield Cathedral (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2024)
Today’s Prayers (Saturday 25 January 2025, the Conversion of Saint Paul):
The theme this week in ‘Pray With the World Church’, the Prayer Diary of the Anglican mission agency USPG (United Society Partners in the Gospel), has been ‘Whom Shall I Send?’ This theme was introduced last Sunday with a Programme Update by Rachael Anderson, Senior Communications and Engagement Manager, USPG.
The USPG Prayer Diary today (Saturday 25 January 2025) invites us to pray:
O Lord, we thank you for the conversion of Paul and the power of your grace to transform lives. Give us the courage to follow your call, spreading the gospel with love and boldness. Like Paul, may we be faithful witnesses to your redeeming power.
The Collect:
Almighty God,
who caused the light of the gospel
to shine throughout the world
through the preaching of your servant Saint Paul:
grant that we who celebrate his wonderful conversion
may follow him in bearing witness to your truth;
through Jesus Christ your Son our Lord,
who is alive and reigns with you,
in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and for ever.
The Post-Communion Prayer:
Almighty God,
who on the day of Pentecost
sent your Holy Spirit to the apostles
with the wind from heaven and in tongues of flame,
filling them with joy and boldness to preach the gospel:
by the power of the same Spirit
strengthen us to witness to your truth
and to draw everyone to the fire of your love;
through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Yesterday’s Reflection
Continued Tomorrow
A modern icon of the Conversion of Saint Paul
Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicised Edition copyright © 1989, 1995 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. http://nrsvbibles.org
Patrick Comerford
The 40-day season of Christmas continues until Candlemas or the Feast of the Presentation (2 February). Tomorrow is the Third Sunday of Epiphany (Epiphany III), with the Gospel reading recalling the beginning of Christ’s public ministry when Jesus reads and teaches in the synagogue in Nazareth (Luke 4: 14-21).
Today is the Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul and the Eighth Day and closing day of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity. Before today begins, I am taking some quiet time this morning to give thanks, to reflect, to pray and to read in these ways:
1, today’s Gospel reading;
2, a short reflection;
3, a prayer from the USPG prayer diary;
4, the Collects and Post-Communion prayer of the day.
Saint Peter and Saint Paul … a fresco in the Church of the Four Martyrs in Rethymnon in Crete (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Matthew 19: 27-30 (NRSVA):
27 Then Peter said in reply, ‘Look, we have left everything and followed you. What then will we have?’ 28 Jesus said to them, ‘Truly I tell you, at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man is seated on the throne of his glory, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 29 And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields, for my name’s sake, will receive a hundredfold, and will inherit eternal life. 30 But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.’
The Apostle Peter and the Apostle Paul holding the church in unity … an early 18th century icon in the Museum of Christian Art in Iraklion, Crete (Photograph: Patrick Comerford)
Today’s Reflection:
Today is the Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul [25 January]. The Gospel reading at the Eucharist today (Matthew 19: 27-30) talks about abandoning everything from the past for the sake of following Christ in apostolic ministry.
The account of the Apostle Paul’s conversion on the road to Damascus is provided in one of the other readings today (Acts 9:1-22).
Because I was born a day after this feast day, my mother wanted to call me Paul. The uncle and aunt who brought me to be baptised – my father’s half-brother Arthur and his wife Kathleen – had other ideas. Another of my father’s brothers was also called Patrick, named after his maternal grandfather, Patrick Lynders. But my mother often continued to call me Paul. I am more than comfortable with the name Patrick, yet there is a way in these two days – the Conversion of Saint Paul (25 January) and my birthday (26 January) – come together for me as one celebration.
The Apostle Paul’s entire life is explained in terms of one experience – his meeting with Christ on the road to Damascus. Although he had a zealot’s hatred for Christ, who was just a few years older than him, Saint Paul probably never saw Jesus before the Ascension. Yet he was determined in chasing down the followers of Christ: ‘entering house after house and dragging out men and women, he handed them over for imprisonment’ (Acts 8: 3b).
But, on the road to Damascus, Christ enters Saint Paul’s own inner home, seizes possession of him, takes command of all his energy, and harnesses it so that Saint Paul becomes a slave of Christ in the ministry of reconciliation as a consequence of one simple sentence: ‘I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting’ (Acts 9: 5b).
Saint Paul, who was blind in his prejudice, is blinded so that he can have a new vision. He is imprisoned so that he can bring his great message to the world. And the magnitude of his sins, including his attempts to wipe out Christianity completely, show us clearly that no matter how terrible the sin may be any sinner may be forgiven.
In the same way, the Apostle Peter’s denial of Christ – three times during his Passion – did not put him beyond the forgiveness and love of Christ. Saint Peter too, in an effort to save his own skin, denied he knew the prisoner, but became a prisoner himself and a martyr for Christ.
No matter what our failings and our weaknesses, no matter where our blind spots may be, Christ calls us – not once but constantly – to turn around, to turn towards him, to turn our lives around, to turn them over to him.
Instead of his persecution, Saint Paul is remembered as the first and greatest missionary.
Instead of his three denials, Saint Peter is remembered for his confession of faith, his acceptance of Jesus as the Messiah or the Christ, recorded in the three synoptic Gospels (Matthew 16: 13-20; Mark 8: 13-20; Luke 9: 18-20). That Confession of Saint Peter was marked many Church calendars last Saturday [18 January 2025], and marked the beginning of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.
Today, the Conversion of Saint Paul is celebrated throughout the Church – in the Anglican, Roman Catholic, Lutheran and Orthodox traditions. This day also marks the end of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.
The Week of Prayer for Christian Unity – or rather, the Octave of Christian Unity – from 18 to 25 January, linking those two feasts, was first suggested in 1908 by an American Episcopalian or Anglican monk, Father Paul Wattson, who was the superior of the Franciscan Friars of the Atonement, and who reintroduced Franciscan life to the Anglican Communion.
Appropriately, the icon of Christian Unity in the Eastern Orthodox tradition shows Peter and Paul embracing – almost wrestling – arms around each other, beards so close they are almost inter-twining. Every time I see this icon, I think of Psalm 133:
How very good and pleasant it is
when [brothers] live together in unity!
It is like the precious oil on the head,
running down upon the beard,
on the beard of Aaron,
running down over the collar of his robes.
It is like the dew of Hermon,
which falls on the mountains of Zion.
For there the Lord ordained his blessing,
life for evermore.
So, despite many readings of the New Testament, especially the Acts of the Apostles, that see Saint Peter and Saint Paul in conflict with each other rather than complementing each other, they can be models for Church Unity.
Without that unity in the Early Church, its mission would have been hamstrung and hampered. For without unity there can be no effective mission, as the great Edinburgh Missionary Conference realised in 1910. And so the modern ecumenical movement has real roots in the mission of the Church.
As we come to the end of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, I pray that we may rejoice in the fact that differences can complement each other, and that we will see the diversity and unity that Saint Peter and Saint Paul wrestled with but eventually rejoiced in as models for our own unity today and in times to come.
Saint Peter (left) and Saint Paul (right) among the carved figures on the west front of Lichfield Cathedral (Photograph: Patrick Comerford, 2024)
Today’s Prayers (Saturday 25 January 2025, the Conversion of Saint Paul):
The theme this week in ‘Pray With the World Church’, the Prayer Diary of the Anglican mission agency USPG (United Society Partners in the Gospel), has been ‘Whom Shall I Send?’ This theme was introduced last Sunday with a Programme Update by Rachael Anderson, Senior Communications and Engagement Manager, USPG.
The USPG Prayer Diary today (Saturday 25 January 2025) invites us to pray:
O Lord, we thank you for the conversion of Paul and the power of your grace to transform lives. Give us the courage to follow your call, spreading the gospel with love and boldness. Like Paul, may we be faithful witnesses to your redeeming power.
The Collect:
Almighty God,
who caused the light of the gospel
to shine throughout the world
through the preaching of your servant Saint Paul:
grant that we who celebrate his wonderful conversion
may follow him in bearing witness to your truth;
through Jesus Christ your Son our Lord,
who is alive and reigns with you,
in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and for ever.
The Post-Communion Prayer:
Almighty God,
who on the day of Pentecost
sent your Holy Spirit to the apostles
with the wind from heaven and in tongues of flame,
filling them with joy and boldness to preach the gospel:
by the power of the same Spirit
strengthen us to witness to your truth
and to draw everyone to the fire of your love;
through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Yesterday’s Reflection
Continued Tomorrow

Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicised Edition copyright © 1989, 1995 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. http://nrsvbibles.org
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